Analysis Of Molecular Mechanisms That Govern Neuronal Migration During Development And Regeneration Of The Zebrafish Cerebellum
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Analysis Of Molecular Mechanisms That Govern Neuronal Migration During Development And Regeneration Of The Zebrafish Cerebellum
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Author : Reinhard W. Köster
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Analysis Of Molecular Mechanisms That Govern Neuronal Migration During Development And Regeneration Of The Zebrafish Cerebellum written by Reinhard W. Köster and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Mechanisms Of Neuronal Migration During Corticogenesis
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Author : Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-07-15
Mechanisms Of Neuronal Migration During Corticogenesis written by Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-15 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
The cerebral cortex plays central roles in many higher-order functions such as cognition, language, consciousness, and the control of voluntary behavior. These processes are performed by the densely interconnected networks of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons, and the balanced development of these two types of neuron is quite important. During cortical development, pyramidal neurons and interneurons show quite different migratory behaviors: radial migration and tangential migration, respectively. Pyramidal neurons are generated in the ventricular zone of the dorsal telencephalon, and migrate radially along radial glial fibers toward the pial surface, forming a six-layered cortical structure in an “ inside-out” manner. On the other hand, cortical interneurons are generated in the medial and caudal ganglionic eminence in the ventral telencephalon, and follow long tangential migratory paths into the cortex. Defects in these migration processes result in abnormalities in the cortical layer structure and neuronal networks, which may cause various neurological and psychiatric conditions such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. Accordingly, besides basic scientific interest, elucidation of the mechanism of neuronal migration is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. This Research Topic includes a series of articles ranging from the basic mechanism of neocortical development to the malformation and evolution of the neocortex. We do hope that the present ebook will further stimulate the interest in the fascinating investigations of neuronal migration and corticogenesis.
Development Of The Cerebellum From Molecular Aspects To Diseases
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Author : Hassan Marzban
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-02-24
Development Of The Cerebellum From Molecular Aspects To Diseases written by Hassan Marzban and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-24 with Medical categories.
This updated reference covers diverse aspects of cerebellar development from a full range of viewpoints, including the epidemiology of cerebellar genetic disorders, developmental anatomy, cell biology, genetics, epigenetics, infectious diseases, and mechanisms involved in the regulation of cell fate, while also focusing on information that is relevant to clinicians caring for patients with cerebellar disorders. The chapters are written by experts in the field of cerebellar development, and the chapters cover diseases related to the cerebellum, along with their epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and management. In addition to updating the content to cover the significant developments in the field since the first edition, the second edition will include new chapters on Non-Coding RNAs and Cerebellar Development, Development of the Fish Cerebellum, the Role of nNOS/NO on Cerebellar Development in Health and Disease, and rehabilitation in cerebellar ataxia. The effect of the COVID-19 on the cerebellum has been included in related chapters. Development of the Cerebellum from Molecular Aspects to Diseases, 2nd edition, is designed to be valuable reference for both neuroscientists and clinicians.
Handbook Of The Cerebellum And Cerebellar Disorders
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Author : Mario Manto
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-08-04
Handbook Of The Cerebellum And Cerebellar Disorders written by Mario Manto and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-04 with Medical categories.
Our knowledge of cerebellar functions and cerebellar disorders, called ataxias, is increasing considerably. Studies of the cerebellum are now a central focus in neuroscience. During the last four decades, many laboratories worldwide have dedicated their research activities to understanding the roles of the cerebellum in motor control, cognitive processes and biology of mental processes, behavioral symptoms, and emotion. It is now accepted that the cerebellum acts as a cognitive operator in learning, perception, and attention. Moreover, major improvements in our assessment of in vivo cerebellar architecture using imaging techniques have occurred. A typical example is the accurate description of cerebellar anatomy during fetal development with MRI, a progress which has direct impacts on patient care. These advances have been associated with discoveries of new clinical disorders, in particular in the field of genetic ataxias. More than 20 new genes have been identified these last 10 years. Only for dominant ataxias, more than 30 diseases have now been unravelled. The number of ataxic disorders will increase with aging, the cerebellum being the structure of the brain with the most important loss of neurons with age. More than 300 different cerebellar disorders are encountered during daily practice, but we are missing a single source of information explaining their pathogenesis. Despite the immense amount of knowledge acquired about the cerebellar circuitry these last years, a large book covering the neuroscience of the cerebellum is missing. The goal of this endeavour is to bring up to date information relevant for basic science and also for clinical activities. To reach this goal, the most renowned authors are gathered in a unique and in-depth book with a format of a handbook. We emphasize the connections between molecular findings, imaging features, behavioural/neuropsychological aspects, and clinical implications.
Cellular And Molecular Control Of Neuronal Migration
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Author : Laurent Nguyen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-18
Cellular And Molecular Control Of Neuronal Migration written by Laurent Nguyen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-18 with Medical categories.
Cellular and Molecular Control of Neuronal Migration provides an up-to-date collection of reviews on the molecular and cellular principles of neuronal migration in the mammalian brain. Over the last decades a rich catalogue of signaling molecules controlling neuronal migration has been compiled, and within this book an international panel of experts provides up-to-date discussions of the state of knowledge how these distinct signaling pathways regulate various aspects of neuronal migration. This book introduces the reader to the latest discoveries and concepts of neuronal migration enabled through the application of most sophisticated methods and cutting edge experimental approaches. Cellular and Molecular Control of Neuronal Migration also provides an update on the underlying cellular and molecular basis of neurodevelopmental migration disorders in human patients for all interested neuroscientists and clinicians.
Neurotransmitter Mediated Activity Spatially Controls Neuronal Migration In The Zebrafish Cerebellum
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Author : Ulrike Theisen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Neurotransmitter Mediated Activity Spatially Controls Neuronal Migration In The Zebrafish Cerebellum written by Ulrike Theisen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Neuronal migration during embryonic development contributes to functional brain circuitry. Many neurons migrate in morphologically distinct stages that coincide with differentiation, requiring tight spatial regulation. It had been proposed that neurotransmitter-mediated activity could exert this control. Here, we demonstrate that intracellular calcium transients occur in cerebellar neurons of zebrafish embryos during migration. We show that depolarization increases and hyperpolarization reduces the speed of tegmental hindbrain neurons using optogenetic tools and advanced track analysis optimized for in vivo migration. Finally, we introduce a compound screening assay to identify acetylcholine (ACh), glutamate, and glycine as regulators of migration, which act regionally along the neurons' route. We summarize our findings in a model describing how different neurotransmitters spatially interact to control neuronal migration. The high evolutionary conservation of the cerebellum and hindbrain makes it likely that polarization state-driven motility constitutes an important principle in building a functional brain.
Mechanisms Governing Neuronal Migration And Morphology
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Author : Margareta Nikolić
language : en
Publisher: S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
Release Date : 2008
Mechanisms Governing Neuronal Migration And Morphology written by Margareta Nikolić and has been published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Cell migration categories.
The correct migration of neurons to specific targets underlies the normal formation and function of our nervous system. Defective movement of neurons results in their aberrant function or death, thus causing a range of developmental problems. Neurons move by responding to extracellular cues which alter the dynamic organization of cytoskeletal elements via complex and often overlapping signaling pathways. Changes in external cues or intracellular signaling molecules are responsible for altered neuronal movement and behavior, and are increasingly being associated with the occurrence of lissencephaly, epilepsy and mental retardation. This issue provides current findings and future directions towards understanding how the dynamic organization of the neuronal cytoskeleton affects movement and the consequences of normal and altered neuronal migration on the nervous system. The topics highlight the importance of specific proteins that regulate actin filaments and microtubules, and how their changes affect neuronal translocation. The effects of genetic or environmental alterations on the formation of the nervous system and the power of high-resolution imaging in analyzing both normal and defective development are emphasized. The volume will thus be of interest to a wide range of molecular and cellular neurobiologists, developmental biologists and neurologists.
Development Of The Cerebellar System
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Author : Joseph Altman
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1997
Development Of The Cerebellar System written by Joseph Altman and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Medical categories.
This book is an outstanding presentation of what happens during normal cerebellar development.
Cellular And Molecular Analysis Of Motor Neuron Development In The Zebrafish Hindbrain
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Author : Stephanie Bingham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Cellular And Molecular Analysis Of Motor Neuron Development In The Zebrafish Hindbrain written by Stephanie Bingham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Cytology categories.
Proper development of the nervous system depends upon the production of neurons in the correct numbers, and in the correct locations. Many cell fate decisions in the developing nervous system depend on intercellular signaling mediated by the transmembrane proteins Notch and Delta. Failure of Notch signaling in zebrafish mind bomb ( mib ) mutants generates a neurogenic phenotype in the hindbrain characterized by the overproduction of some neuronal cell types, and accompanied by a significant loss of motor neurons and neuroepithelial cells. Genetic mosaic analysis indicates that hindbrain motor neuron patterning and fusion defects in mib mutants arise non-cell autonomously, partly due to the differentiation of midline neuroepithelial cells into neurons. These results highlight the importance of non-neuronal cells to rhombomere boundaries formation and midline tissues which are the sources of signals for numerous patterning mechanisms within the developing brain. Additional signaling pathways act on these neuronal precursors to induce the formation of specific neuronal types. For example, motor neurons are induced by secreted proteins encoded by the hedgehog gene family. Mutations in shh alone lead to reduced induction of hindbrain motor neurons, while reduction of twhh expression does not affect motor neuron number. However, when both functions of twhh and shh are disrupted, there is a complete failure to induce hindbrain motor neurons. These results demonstrate that shh and twhh play a cooperative role in zebrafish hindbrain motor neuron induction, and suggest that hindbrain motor neuron induction in zebrafish may be dependent on the concentration of total hedgehog activity, rather than different hedgehog proteins. A subset of motor neurons migrates tangentially into more caudal hindbrain locations following induction in anterior hindbrain regions in the wild-type zebrafish but fail to do so in the trilobite mutant. Genetic mosaic analysis revealed that the neuronal migration defect in tri mutants is due to the loss of cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous tri function. In vivo time-lapse and molecular analyses demonstrate that mutations in the zebrafish gene trilobite ( tri ) specifically affect the ability of motor neurons in the hindbrain to polarize their protrusions, leading to the elimination of tangential motor neuron migration. We now know that tri encodes the Planar Cell Polarity gene, Strabismus , previously unidentified for its role in mediating neuronal cell movements. tri therefore represents an important genetic tool in understanding the mechanisms underlying tangential neuronal migration.
Role Of Transmembrane Protein Strabismus In Motor Neuron Migration In The Zebrafish Hindbrain
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Author : Vinoth Sittaramane
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Role Of Transmembrane Protein Strabismus In Motor Neuron Migration In The Zebrafish Hindbrain written by Vinoth Sittaramane and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Cell migration categories.
Nervous system development involves extensive cell migration, causing immature neurons to move from proliferative zones to specific locations to generate functional circuits. Defective in neuronal migration can cause severe anomalies including mental retardation and learning disabilities. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal migration. We use zebrafish as a model to study one such migration. In the zebrafish and mouse hindbrain, Facial Branchiomotor Neurons (FBMNs), which mediate jaw and facial movements in mammals, migrate caudally (tangentially) from rhombomere 4 (r4) into r6 and r7. The transmembrane protein Strabismus (Stbm) is a component of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway and is necessary for the normal migration of FBMNs. To understand the mechanisms by which stbm regulates neuronal migration, I sought (1) to identify the cell types where stbm function is required for FBMN migration (2) to analyze the various domains of Stbm and their requirement for FBMN migration and (3) to analyze other genes interacting with stbm to regulate FBMN migration. Previous analyses showed that stbm is expressed ubiquitously, and function non-cell autonomously during FBMN migration. Expression analysis of stbm and its interacting partner prickle1a (pk1a) raised the possibility that stbm and pk1a may function in non-neural tissues such as the paraxial mesoderm or endoderm to regulate FBMN migration. FBMN migration occurs normally in embryos lacking endoderm suggesting that endoderm-expressed stbm is not necessary for FBMN migration. Targeted transplantation of stbm-deficient cells into the mesoderm of wild-type host embryos does not affect FBMN migration indicating that mesoderm-expressed stbm is also not essential for FBMN migration. However, transplanted wild-type cells generating ventral neural tube cells including floorplate were able to rescue FBMN migration in stbm [superscript -slash-] mutants. Conversely, transplanted stbm-deficient cells generating ventral neural tube cells such as floorplate were able to block FBMN migration in wild-type zebrafish embryos, suggesting strongly that stbm expression in the floorplate is necessary and sufficient for FBMN migration. Strabismus (Stbm) is predicted to be a four pass transmembrane protein with N- and C- terminal cytoplasmic domains, and a PDZ domain binding motif at the C-terminus. To identify regions of Stbm that are essential for mediating FBMN migration, we tested the abilities of the cytosolic N- & C- terminal fragment to rescue migration in the stbm [superscript -slash-] mutants. Surprisingly, both constructs rescued defective FBMN migration, suggesting that both N- and C- terminal domains of Stbm can independently facilitate downstream events mediating FBMN migration in zebrafish hindbrain. Genetic mosaic analyses have indicated that stbm functions in the environment especially in the ventral neural tube cells such as floorplate to regulate FBMN migration. This result suggests that stbm expressed outside motor neurons genetically interact with other genes expressed in FBMNs and the ventral neural tube to mediate FBMN migration. To test this hypothesis, we examined the roles of Transient axonal glycoprotein-1 (Tag-1) and Laminin [alpha] 1, which respectively encode cell adhesion and extracellular matrix protein, during FBMN migration. Tag-1 is expressed in FBMNs and its knockdown using antisense morpholinos leads to loss of FBMN migration. It genetically interacts with stbm to regulate FBMN migration. Laminin [alpha] 1 (lama1) also interact genetically with stbm to regulate FBMN migration. These results indicate that FBMN expressed tag-1 may be interacting with stbm in adjacent cells and lama1 to regulate FBMN migration.