Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle And Its Control

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Ciba Foundation Symposium 56 Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle And Its Control

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Author : Ciba Foundation
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :

Ciba Foundation Symposium 56 Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle And Its Control written by Ciba Foundation and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle And Its Control

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Author : Ciba Foundation
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Publishing Company
Release Date : 1978

Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle And Its Control written by Ciba Foundation and has been published by Elsevier Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Medical categories.

Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle And Its Control Ciba Foundation Symposium 1977

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978

Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle And Its Control Ciba Foundation Symposium 1977 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with categories.

Ionic Actions On Vascular Smooth Muscle

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Author : E. Betz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Ionic Actions On Vascular Smooth Muscle written by E. Betz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

This book contains the contributions and discussions of the second symposium on vascular smooth muscles held in Ttibingen in February, 1976. It provides an up-to-date review of the role of ions in the trans mission of signals from the perivascular space to the contractile ele ments of the smooth muscle cells. The various aspects are mainly discussed from a functional point of view and only few contributions concern the morphologic variations of cells .during varying ion activity. Special emphasis was placed on the significance of ion variations in the cerebral tissue and their rela tion to metabolic and nervous control of the brain vessels. It could be seen in this symposium that new techniques enabled the in vestigators to make considerable progress in the understanding of the actions and the interactions of ions on the membranes and on the inter nal structures of the smooth muscle cells if one compares the findings with the results of the previous symposium held in Ttibingen in 1972. It became evident that the insight into ionic actions enables the de velopment of powerful tools to be utilized in future therapy of dis turbances of local blood flow regulation. The participants of the symposium render thanks to the Dr. Thiemann GmbH in Ltinen, which supported the symposium and this publication in a generous way. Finally it is a pleasure of the Editor to thank the members of the Physiological Institute of Ttibingen for their encouragement in the ar rangement of the meeting.

The Cerebral Circulation

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Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2016-07-28

The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-28 with Medical categories.

This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle And Its Control

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Author : Katherine Elliott
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-09-16

Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle And Its Control written by Katherine Elliott and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-16 with Science categories.

The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.

Vascular Smooth Muscle

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Author : Chi-Ming Hai
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2016-10-12

Vascular Smooth Muscle written by Chi-Ming Hai and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-12 with Science categories.

This book presents key concepts in the structure and function of vascular smooth muscle cells in health and disease. Supplemental reading may be drawn from the extensive references listed at the end of each chapter. Vascular smooth muscle cell is the major cell type in blood vessels. Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells is an important cause of vascular diseases, for example, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and circulatory shock. Vascular smooth muscle cells are phenotypically plastic, capable of switching between two major phenotypes — contractile/differentiated phenotype and invasive/proliferative phenotype in response to environmental clues. Chapter 1 introduces the major areas of research presented in this monograph. Chapters 2 to 4 address the structure and function of the contractile/differentiated phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cell. Chapters 5 and 6 address the developmental basis of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and structure and function of podosomes (invasive organelles) in the invasive/proliferative phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cell. Chapters 7 to 9 address the role of vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction in vascular diseases — atherosclerosis, hypertension, and circulatory shock. Contents:Introduction (Chi-Ming Hai)Structure of Differentiated/Contractile Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (Thomas J Eddinger)Vascular Structure and Function (Paul H Ratz)Actin Filament Dynamics During Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction (William C Cole and Michael P Walsh)Developmental Basis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypes (Christine Cheung and B C Narmada)Regulation of Podosomes in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Invasion of the Extracellular Matrix (Alan Mak)Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Invasion in Atherosclerosis (Chi-Ming Hai)The Role of Non-Coding RNA in the Control of Vascular Contractility and Disease (C J Nicholson and K G Morgan)Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells as Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Circulatory Shock (Liangming Liu, Tao Li and Chengyang Duan) Readership: This book will be a useful reference for graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and scientists who work on vascular biology, as well as physicians who work on vascular medicine.

Cerebral Vascular Smoothe Muscle And Its Control

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978

Cerebral Vascular Smoothe Muscle And Its Control written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with categories.

The Endothelium

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Author : Michel Félétou
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2011

The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.

The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References

Skeletal Muscle Circulation

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Author : Ronald J. Korthuis
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2011

Skeletal Muscle Circulation written by Ronald J. Korthuis and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Medical categories.

The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References