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In Vitro Toxicity Testing

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In Vitro Toxicity Testing

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Author : John M. Frazier
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1992-01-31

In Vitro Toxicity Testing written by John M. Frazier and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-01-31 with Medical categories.

This volume focuses on the potential application of in vitro procedures to identify and quantify the toxicological risk to target organs associated with the use of commerical products and therapeutic drugs.;Revealing how the results of in vitro toxicity testing can be used in safety assessment, In Vitro Toxicity Testing: explores whether existing test methods can accomplish the necessary goals and, if not, what research is needed to make these techniques a practical reality; presents the current status of toxicity testing in the areas of hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, ocular irritation, and many others; outlines the role of validation in technology transfer from the research laboratory to safety evaluation; examines testing strategies and regulatory acceptance and addresses common concerns about the ultimate utilization of available methods in chemical safety/hazard considerations; and analyzes the perspective of industrial and regulatory agencies on the application of in vitro toxicity testing.;Generously referenced with over 1400 literature citations, In Vitro Toxicity Testing is for academic, industrial, and regulatory toxicologists; applied, molecular, and cell biologists; pharmacologists; animal welfare activists; and graduate students in pharmacology and toxicology courses.

In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols

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Author : Sheila O’Hare
language : en
Publisher: Humana Press
Release Date : 2013-08-23

In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols written by Sheila O’Hare and has been published by Humana Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-23 with Medical categories.

In vitro toxicology is one of the most rapidly expanding areas of biological research today. It is generally conceded that this is a result of pressure from the public for safer products and environmental conditions and, in these recessionary times, pressure from company accountants, who often perceive in vitro experimentation as a cheaper option than lawsuits, fines, and expensive remediation. Toxicologists themselves form one group whose vigor and influence on the evolution of in vitro toxicology is often underestimated. Many toxicologists have for some time been unhappy with the quantity (often a result of unnecessary duplication), the reliability, and the ethical circumstances of much animal experimentation. It is hoped that the present book, In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols, will play some part in enabling and encouraging the more widespread use of in vitro techniques. Since in vitro toxicity testing methodology is evolving at such a rapid rate, this book can of necessity provide only a "snapshot" of the major techniques in use at the present time. As with the other publications in Humana Press' Methods in Molecular Biology series, the aim has been to supply information on the fundamental requirements for the establishment of new techniques within working laboratories and to describe a variety of basic in vitro methodologies. Certain of the techniques detailed here could more accurately be described as ex vivo rather than truly in vitro. No apology is made for the inclusion of these techniques.

In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols

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Author : Sheila O’Hare
language : en
Publisher: Humana Press
Release Date : 1995-05-04

In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols is a collection of proven, state-of-the-art methods that toxicologists can use in carrying out laboratory studies. The book's expert contributors offer a variety of efficient in vitro toxicology techniques that can be applied regularly in your lab, or can serve as the fundamental basis for the establishment of novel techniques in working laboratories. All the procedures are highly reliable. Also included are ex vivo techniques, whose development embraces the twin aims of reduction and refinement of the use of laboratory animals; the editors believe this is an important step toward the ethical treatment of laboratory animals. In keeping with the successful format of preceding volumes of the Methods in Molecular Biology series, concise, easy-to-follow, step-by-step protocols are provided for each technique, together with extensive notes that cover troubleshooting and offer special tips to ensure the successful completion of your experiments.

In Vitro Toxicology Systems

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Author : Anna Bal-Price
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2014-05-01

In Vitro Toxicology Systems written by Anna Bal-Price and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-01 with Medical categories.

In Vitro Toxicology Systems brings together important issues and considerations needed in order to develop a workable, reliable, integrated testing strategy for the replacement of animals in toxicity testing regimes. This thorough volume includes sections on in vitro models for systemic organ toxicity, neurotoxicity, sensory organs, immunotoxicity and reproductive toxicity and addresses how stem cells may be used going forward. The book also tackles difficult areas of toxicology such as carcinogenicity and nanotoxicology, with additional chapters dedicated to kinetics, metabolism, and in vitro in vivo extrapolation. The book also addresses biological processes such as stress response pathways and mechanistic biomarkers and how these can be uncovered and measured using high content approaches. Reliable and authoritative, In Vitro Toxicology Systems will be of benefit not only to students, scientists and regulators working in the field of chemical safety assessment but also to a wider scientific audience.

Cell Culture Methods For In Vitro Toxicology

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Author : G. Stacey
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29

Cell Culture Methods For In Vitro Toxicology written by G. Stacey and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Medical categories.

Cell Culture Methods for in vitro Toxicology introduces the reader to a range of techniques involved in the use of in vitro cell culture in toxicological studies. It deals with major cell types studied in the field of toxicology and will be useful for anyone wishing to start work with animal cell cultures or to refresh their knowledge relating to in vitro cell models. Fundamental chapters deal with the general biology of cytotoxicity and cell immortalisation these are key issues for in vitro systems addressing the `3Rs' principle. Up-to-date overviews deal with the use of cells from liver, brain and intestine. In addition, biochemical analysis of cell responses, biotransformation pathways in cells and recombinant approaches to the early detection of cell stress are also covered in detail. Prominent features of in vitro technologies also include regulation, biosafety and standardisation. Dedicated chapters deal with these issues in a practical way in order to lead the reader to the right source of information. This book provides an up-to-date, informative and practical review of cell culture methods for in vitro toxicology. It will be of equal benefit to students and experienced toxicologists with little experience of in vitro cell culture.

In Vitro Toxicity Testing Of Environmental Agents

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Author : Alan R. Kolber
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2011-11-05

In Vitro Toxicity Testing Of Environmental Agents written by Alan R. Kolber and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-05 with Science categories.

These two volumes contain the papers presented at a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Advanced Study Institute held on September 22-28, 1979 in Monte Carlo, Monaco. The conference was entitled "In Vitro Toxicity Testing of Environmental Agents: Current and Future Possibilities." This international conference presented an opportunity for the participants to exchange informa tion and ideas on the current approaches (both scientific and po litical) for toxic assessment of environmental agents. The poten tial health effects of these compounds as well as future needs in the environmental research field were discussed. The scientific content of the conference seminars included an overview of the various cellular, subcellular, organ, animal, and genetic systems which have been used to assess the health effects of environmental agents. The scientific principles behind short term assays and an evaluation of their applicability to health effects monitoring and analysis were investigated. Included among major topics were: (1) the biochemistry and pharmacology of selected environmental agents; (2) molecular mechanisms of car cinogenesis, mutagenesis, and transformation; (3) bacterial muta genesis and toxicity; (4) mammalian cell mutagenesis, toxicity, and transformation; (5) in vitro carcinogens and mutagens; (6) teratogenic and other developmental toxic effects; and (7) the development of short-term neuro-behavioral toxicity assays.

Introduction To In Vitro Cytotoxicology

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Author : Frank A. Barile
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-06-04

Introduction To In Vitro Cytotoxicology written by Frank A. Barile and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-04 with Medical categories.

First Published in 1994, Introduction to In Vitro Cytotoxicology examines in vitro cytotoxicology, which offers new methodologies to toxicity testing. This important new discipline of modern toxicology is gaining increased acceptance as a viable alternative to traditional testing methods. The text discusses the application of in vitro cytotoxicology to toxicity testing and human risk assessment, and it analyzes the advantages and limitations of the tests performed under scientific and regulatory conditions. The book also reviews the optimum utilization of certain tests for specific groups of chemicals relevant to validation programs currently in progress. This book is a useful reference tool for students, researchers, and practitioners interested in academic, industrial, and regulatory toxicology; environmental health; cell biology; pharmacology; dentistry; or human and veterinary medicine.

Complex Mixtures

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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1988-02-01

Complex Mixtures written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-02-01 with Science categories.

In the laboratory, testing the toxic effects for a single compound is a straightforward process. However, many common harmful substances occur naturally as mixtures and can interact to exhibit greater toxic effects as a mixture than the individual components exhibit separately. Complex Mixtures addresses the problem of identifying and classifying complex mixtures, investigating the effect of exposure, and the research problems inherent in testing their toxicity to human beings. A complete series of case studies is presented, including one that examines the cofactors of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoke.

In Vitro Toxicology Systems

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Author : Anna Bal-Price
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2016-09-03

Principles Of Toxicology Testing Second Edition

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Author : Frank A Barile
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-04-02

Principles Of Toxicology Testing Second Edition written by Frank A Barile and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-02 with Medical categories.

Nationally, toxicology programs have evolved from a traditional exploration of the chemistry and applied toxicity of chemicals and drugs to a more comprehensive study of toxicology and toxicology testing as independent entities. Consequently, the second edition of Principles of Toxicology Testing starts with basic toxicological principles, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of toxins, including chemicals and drugs. The book then continues with animal (in vivo) and in vitro toxicology testing methods associated with toxicological analysis and preclinical drug development. As in the first edition, the book begins with an introduction into the fundamentals of toxicology (Section I) to prepare readers for the subsequent topics and continues through with a discussion of toxicokinetics and human risk assessment. This introductory material is useful in understanding the applications of toxicology testing. Section II describes the fundamental principles of toxicology testing in animals in greater detail. This section describes acute toxicity studies as well as subchronic and chronic studies performed on animals. Special emphasis is placed on study design and determination of classical indicators for acute and chronic testing, such as the LD50. The book examines other short- and long-term animal toxicity testing methodologies, including dermal, ocular, and reproductive toxicity testing. In addition, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity studies are also discussed in separate chapters. Section III introduces and discusses in vitro alternatives to animal toxicology tests. This section emphasizes cell culture methodology and cellular methods for acute systemic toxicity, target organ toxicity, and local toxicity. The contributors present the advantages and disadvantages of alternative methods. They also describe the use of high-throughput screening and its applications, the concepts of standardization and validation of in vitro techniques (especially large, organized validation efforts currently supported by US and EU regulatory agencies), and the theories supporting the development of in vitro methodologies. This second edition is a must-read for undergraduate and graduate toxicology students. Industrial and academic research centers will also find the text useful for establishing a toxicology testing laboratory.

In Vitro Toxicity Testing

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