In Vitro Toxicity Testing
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In Vitro Toxicity Testing
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Author : John M. Frazier
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1992-01-31
In Vitro Toxicity Testing written by John M. Frazier and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-01-31 with Medical categories.
This volume focuses on the potential application of in vitro procedures to identify and quantify the toxicological risk to target organs associated with the use of commerical products and therapeutic drugs.;Revealing how the results of in vitro toxicity testing can be used in safety assessment, In Vitro Toxicity Testing: explores whether existing test methods can accomplish the necessary goals and, if not, what research is needed to make these techniques a practical reality; presents the current status of toxicity testing in the areas of hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, ocular irritation, and many others; outlines the role of validation in technology transfer from the research laboratory to safety evaluation; examines testing strategies and regulatory acceptance and addresses common concerns about the ultimate utilization of available methods in chemical safety/hazard considerations; and analyzes the perspective of industrial and regulatory agencies on the application of in vitro toxicity testing.;Generously referenced with over 1400 literature citations, In Vitro Toxicity Testing is for academic, industrial, and regulatory toxicologists; applied, molecular, and cell biologists; pharmacologists; animal welfare activists; and graduate students in pharmacology and toxicology courses.
In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols
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Author : Sheila O’Hare
language : en
Publisher: Humana Press
Release Date : 2013-08-23
In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols written by Sheila O’Hare and has been published by Humana Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-23 with Medical categories.
In vitro toxicology is one of the most rapidly expanding areas of biological research today. It is generally conceded that this is a result of pressure from the public for safer products and environmental conditions and, in these recessionary times, pressure from company accountants, who often perceive in vitro experimentation as a cheaper option than lawsuits, fines, and expensive remediation. Toxicologists themselves form one group whose vigor and influence on the evolution of in vitro toxicology is often underestimated. Many toxicologists have for some time been unhappy with the quantity (often a result of unnecessary duplication), the reliability, and the ethical circumstances of much animal experimentation. It is hoped that the present book, In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols, will play some part in enabling and encouraging the more widespread use of in vitro techniques. Since in vitro toxicity testing methodology is evolving at such a rapid rate, this book can of necessity provide only a "snapshot" of the major techniques in use at the present time. As with the other publications in Humana Press' Methods in Molecular Biology series, the aim has been to supply information on the fundamental requirements for the establishment of new techniques within working laboratories and to describe a variety of basic in vitro methodologies. Certain of the techniques detailed here could more accurately be described as ex vivo rather than truly in vitro. No apology is made for the inclusion of these techniques.
In Vitro Toxicity Testing Of Environmental Agents
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Author : Alan R. Kolber
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-08
In Vitro Toxicity Testing Of Environmental Agents written by Alan R. Kolber and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-08 with Science categories.
These two volumes contain the papers presented at a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Advanced Study Institute held on September 22-28, 1979 in Monte Carlo, Monaco. The conference was entitled "In Vitro Toxicity Testing of Environmental Agents: Current and Future Possibilities." This international conference presented an opportunity for the participants to exchange informa tion and ideas on the current approaches (both scientific and po litical) for toxic assessment of environmental agents. The poten tial health effects of these compounds as well as future needs in the environmental research field were discussed. The scientific content of the conference seminars included an overview of the various cellular, subcellular, organ, animal, and genetic systems which have been used to assess the health effects of environmental agents. The scientific principles behind short term assays and an evaluation of their applicability to health effects monitoring and analysis were investigated. Included among major topics were: (1) the biochemistry and pharmacology of selected environmental agents; (2) molecular mechanisms of car cinogenesis, mutagenesis, and transformation; (3) bacterial muta genesis and toxicity; (4) mammalian cell mutagenesis, toxicity, and transformation; (5) in vitro carcinogens and mutagens; (6) teratogenic and other developmental toxic effects; and (7) the development of short-term neuro-behavioral toxicity assays.
Cytotoxicity A Crucial Toxicity Test For In Vitro Experiments
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2025-04-02
Cytotoxicity A Crucial Toxicity Test For In Vitro Experiments written by and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-04-02 with Medical categories.
Cytotoxicity experiments are performed in order to assess the possible toxic effects and safety profiles of chemical, physical and biological agents. There are several mechanisms by which a substance may lead to cellular toxicity, including impairment of cellular functions, disruption of the cellular membrane and/or cellular signalling pathways or inducing an immune response. Cytotoxicity testing involves both in vitro and in vivo methods. In vitro methods offer a rapid and cost-effective approach, while in vivo methods provide a more comprehensive assessment. Rigorous cytotoxicity testing is essential for meeting regulatory standards, enhancing user safety, and improving the product quality of drugs, cosmetics and medical devices. Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data obtained from in vitro cytotoxicity studies is critical for evaluating the safety profiles of different agents. In the past years, many in vitro methods have been developed to evaluate the viability of cells, and each method has its advantages, disadvantages, strengths and limitations. There are different methods for determining cytotoxicity. They can be summarized as "Staining Methods", "Colorimetric Methods", "Fluorometric Methods", "Luminometric Methods" and "Other Methods". The researchers should choose the most appropriate method for their research by considering the cell type they will use, the dose and properties of the chemical, physical and biological agents, and the mechanism through which it causes cell death (such as apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy). This book mainly focuses on cytotoxicity determination as the primary and crucial step in evaluating toxicity. In this book, the readers will find traditional and new methods used to evaluate cytotoxicity. We believe that readers will get qualified scientific knowledge and a general overview of the importance of cytotoxicity testing.
In Vitro Toxicology
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Author : Alok Dhawan
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-11-13
In Vitro Toxicology written by Alok Dhawan and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-13 with Science categories.
In Vitro Toxicology details the protocols and methods of in vitro testing, highlighting the usefulness of models, methods and the cost-effectiveness and reproducibility of such methodologies. The current approaches and strategies required to develop an easy, reliable, validated and high throughput system for use in alternative animal models to circumvent in vivo testing are discussed in detail. The book also includes chapters on the principles involved in the general selection and use of models that address safety concerns, regulatory acceptance and the current understandings and strategies for the identification of biomarkers in toxicity testing. Furthermore, principles involved in the general selection and use of models that address the issues of safety concerns and regulatory acceptance of these models are discussed, making the book beneficial to students, scientists, and regulators working in toxicology, as well as those in the field of chemicals and the safety assessment of novel materials. - Discusses new techniques and protocols in a clear and concise manner - includes examinations of nanotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity - Explains practical laboratory methods and the theories behind in vitro testing
In Vitro Toxicology Second Edition
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Author : Shayne C. Gad
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-11-02
In Vitro Toxicology Second Edition written by Shayne C. Gad and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-02 with Medical categories.
Toxicology has made tremendous strides in the sophistication of the models used to identify and understand the mechanisms of agents that can harm or kill humand and other higher organisms. Non-animals or in vitro models started to gain significant use in the 1960s. As a result of the increased concern over animal welfare, economic factors, and the need for greater sensitivity and understanding of mechanisms, interest in in vitro^n models has risen. This volume demonstrates that there now exists a broad range of in vitro models for use in either identifying or understanding most forms of toxicity. The availability of in vitro models spans both the full range of endpoints (irritation, sensitization, lethality, mutagenicity, and devlopmental toxicity) and the full spectrum of target organ systems (skin, eye, heart, liver, kidney, nervous system, etc.). Chapters are devoted to each of these speciality areas from a perspective of presenting the principal models and their uses and limitations. Chapters that overview the principles involved in the general selection and use of models, and that address the issues of safety concerns and regulatory acceptance of these methods are also included.
Cell Culture Methods For In Vitro Toxicology
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Author : G. Stacey
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Cell Culture Methods For In Vitro Toxicology written by G. Stacey and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Medical categories.
Cell Culture Methods for in vitro Toxicology introduces the reader to a range of techniques involved in the use of in vitro cell culture in toxicological studies. It deals with major cell types studied in the field of toxicology and will be useful for anyone wishing to start work with animal cell cultures or to refresh their knowledge relating to in vitro cell models. Fundamental chapters deal with the general biology of cytotoxicity and cell immortalisation these are key issues for in vitro systems addressing the `3Rs' principle. Up-to-date overviews deal with the use of cells from liver, brain and intestine. In addition, biochemical analysis of cell responses, biotransformation pathways in cells and recombinant approaches to the early detection of cell stress are also covered in detail. Prominent features of in vitro technologies also include regulation, biosafety and standardisation. Dedicated chapters deal with these issues in a practical way in order to lead the reader to the right source of information. This book provides an up-to-date, informative and practical review of cell culture methods for in vitro toxicology. It will be of equal benefit to students and experienced toxicologists with little experience of in vitro cell culture.
Cell Culture Test Methods
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Author : S. A. Brown
language : en
Publisher: ASTM International
Release Date : 1983
Cell Culture Test Methods written by S. A. Brown and has been published by ASTM International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Science categories.
Scientific Criteria For Validation Of In Vitro Toxicity Tests
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Author : John M. Frazier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Scientific Criteria For Validation Of In Vitro Toxicity Tests written by John M. Frazier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Environmental protection categories.
Drug Testing In Vitro
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Author : Uwe Marx
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2007-02-27
Drug Testing In Vitro written by Uwe Marx and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-27 with Science categories.
Here, expert scientists from industry and academia share their knowledge on the assembly of functional human tissues in vitro and how to design drug screenings predictive of human exposure. In so doing, they combine the latest technological developments with strategic outlooks, such as novel cell and tissue systems for drug screening and testing, as well as emerging in vitro culture technologies. Equally importantly, the book does not shy away from regulatory acceptance and ethical issues.