Inequality And Opportunity
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Inequality Of Opportunity
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Author : Juan Gabriel Rodríguez
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2011-10-12
Inequality Of Opportunity written by Juan Gabriel Rodríguez and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Eight papers, both theoretical and applied, on the concept of equality of opportunity which says that a society should guarantee its members equal access to advantage regardless of their circumstances, while holding them responsible for turning that access into actual advantage by the application of effort.
Inequality And Opportunity
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Author : Francisco Pérez Arce
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Inequality And Opportunity written by Francisco Pérez Arce and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with BUSINESS & ECONOMICS categories.
"Rising income inequality has the potential to affect outcomes for children whose parents are at the lower end of the income scale by curtailing their opportunities. This report aims to understand the extent to which inequalities in opportunity and outcomes are related--and the mechanisms that drive that relationship--to help evaluate which policies have the most potential to level the playing field. This report reviews recent trends in inequality in outcomes (particularly, income inequality) and proxies for inequality of opportunity (measures of intergenerational transmission of income) and presents evidence on the extent to which they are correlated across countries and within countries across time. We discuss the evidence that shows that inequality in income and wealth has been increasing in the United States and most developed countries since the 1980s and that income inequality and inequality of opportunity are correlated across countries, but proxy measures for inequality of opportunity do not show the same consistently upward trend that was experienced by income inequality. The report then presents a framework to understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between inequalities in income and opportunity. In light of this framework, we discuss the potential effects of policies on both income and inequality opportunity, and how these can be quantitatively assessed"--Publisher's description.
Measuring Inequality Of Opportunities In Latin America And The Caribbean
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Author : Ricardo Paes de Barros
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008-11-12
Measuring Inequality Of Opportunities In Latin America And The Caribbean written by Ricardo Paes de Barros and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Equality of opportunity is about leveling the playing field so that circumstances such as gender, ethnicity, place of birth, or family background do not influence a person s life chances. Success in life should depend on people s choices, effort and talents, not to their circumstances at birth. 'Measuring Inequality of Opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean' introduces new methods for measuring inequality of opportunities and makes an assessment of its evolution in Latin America over a decade. An innovative Human Opportunity Index and other parametric and non-parametric techniques are presented for quantifying inequality based on circumstances exogenous to individual efforts. These methods are applied to gauge inequality of opportunities in access to basic services for children, learning achievement for youth, and income and consumption for adults.
Inequality Of Opportunity Inequality Of Income And Economic Growth
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Author : Mr.Shekhar Aiyar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-02-15
Inequality Of Opportunity Inequality Of Income And Economic Growth written by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-15 with Business & Economics categories.
We posit that the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is mediated by the level of equality of opportunity, which we identify with intergenerational mobility. In economies characterized by intergenerational rigidities, an increase in income inequality has persistent effects—for example by hindering human capital accumulation— thereby retarding future growth disproportionately. We use several recently developed internationally comparable measures of intergenerational mobility to confirm that the negative impact of income inequality on growth is higher the lower is intergenerational mobility. Our results suggest that omitting intergenerational mobility leads to misspecification, shedding light on why the empirical literature on income inequality and growth has been so inconclusive.
Inequality And Opportunity
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Author : Francisco Perez Arce Novaro
language : en
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Release Date : 2016
Inequality And Opportunity written by Francisco Perez Arce Novaro and has been published by Rand Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Business & Economics categories.
This report aims to understand the extent to which inequalities in opportunity and outcomes are related--and the mechanisms that drive that relationship--to help evaluate which policies have the most potential to level the playing field.
Uneven Odds Unequal Outcomes
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Author : Nandini Krishnan
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2016-06-28
Uneven Odds Unequal Outcomes written by Nandini Krishnan and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-28 with Social Science categories.
Perceptions of eroding living standards and low life satisfaction are widespread in the Middle East and North Africa region today, along with pessimism about prospects for economic mobility. Conventional measures of economic well-being offer little in the way of explanation †“ in most countries in the region, extreme poverty is low and declining and economic inequality is lower than in other parts of the world. This book investigates possible reasons for this disconnect, focusing on the role played by inadequate and unequal access to opportunities to realize one’s aspirations for economic mobility. The inability of most countries in the region to meet the aspirations of citizens is closely linked to persistent weaknesses in the labor markets where the pace of job creation has been chronically below levels required to absorb the growing and increasingly better educated population. A high degree of segmentation in the labor markets also puts the youth and women in the region at a particular disadvantage. While labor markets are critical for mobility, opportunities and life paths can diverge even earlier in life if access to basic services in health, education and infrastructure are unequally distributed among children in their formative years. This book documents sharp disparities in the quality of services available to children of varying birth circumstances in the region. Although the most intense debates in development coalesce around inequality of income or wealth, the notion of inequality of opportunity has an intuitive appeal that can bridge ideological differences. By drawing attention to the notion of equality of opportunity to create a level playing field for all sections of society, the book highlights the need to critically examine the social contract and governance structures that guide the delivery of services and are instrumental for implementing necessary reforms to make labor markets more dynamic and equitable.
Inequality Of Opportunity Inequality Of Income And Economic Growth
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Author : Mr.Shekhar Aiyar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Inequality Of Opportunity Inequality Of Income And Economic Growth written by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The Undeserving Rich
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Author : Leslie McCall
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-03-29
The Undeserving Rich written by Leslie McCall and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-29 with Business & Economics categories.
"Chapter One Introduction: Thinking about Income Inequality In the past decade, we have witnessed one sensational event after another connected in some way to rising income inequality. As I write, it is the Occupy Wall Street movement, which is not only demanding greater economic and social equality for the bottom ninety-nine against the top one "percenters" but coining a new set of class categories in the process. Almost a decade ago, when I began research on American beliefs about rising inequality, it was the scandals surrounding Enron that were making front page news, with the pension funds of workers and retirees evaporating into thin air as the coffers of executives mysteriously survived. In between Enron and Occupy Wall Street, there is no shortage of occasions to reflect on the state of income inequality in the U.S. -the Bush tax cuts of 2001 and 2003, the outsourcing of middle class jobs to Ireland and India, Hurricane Katrina, the financial crisis and the Great Recession. At each turn in the road, reporters and commentators concerned about rising income inequality but dismayed by the lack of political attention given to the issue declared that finally it would be taken seriously. And this says nothing of the events prior to the 2000s, several of which pointed the finger at rising inequality just as vehemently, as I show in my analysis of media coverage of income inequality in chapter 3. Yet nothing has changed. Income inequality continues its rise to heights unfathomable just a few generations ago. The late public intellectual and eminent Harvard sociologist Daniel Bell wrote in 1973 that earnings inequality "will be one of the most vexing questions in a post-industrial society." Heconomies of the past"--
Social Inequality Implications For Inequality Of Opportunity In Education
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Author : Jannik R.
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2022-07-12
Social Inequality Implications For Inequality Of Opportunity In Education written by Jannik R. and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-12 with Social Science categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Sociology - Social System, Social Structure, Class, Social Stratification, grade: 1,3, University of Paderborn, language: English, abstract: Does social inequality affect educational opportunities? This social inequality will be defined and examined in more detail in the paper, based on Schimank and Hradil. In the further course, educational inequality in Germany will then be addressed. Three determinants of social inequality are related to the opportunities in the education system. It is about different chances in the education system due to different social classes, the migration background and the gender. Here research results and current findings are presented and also the causes for resulting inequality of opportunity in education are addressed. The last part of the paper is then a summary conclusion, which answers the question whether social inequality affects educational opportunities. Finally, the importance of education and equal educational opportunities is highlighted.
Inequality For All
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Author : William Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: Teachers College Press
Release Date : 2015-04-17
Inequality For All written by William Schmidt and has been published by Teachers College Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-17 with Education categories.
Inequality for All makes an important contribution to current debates about economic inequalities and the growing achievement gap, particularly in mathematics and science education. The authors argue that the greatest source of variation in opportunity to learn is not between local communities, or even schools, but between classrooms. They zero in on one of the core elements of schooling—coverage of subject matter content—and examine how such opportunities are distributed across the millions of school children in the United States. Drawing on data from the third TIMMS international study of curriculum and achievement, as well as a six-district study of over 500 schools across the United States, they point to Common Core State Standards as being a key step in creating a more level playing field for all students. William H. Schmidt is University Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University and co-director of the Education Policy Center. Curtis C. McKnight is emeritus professor of mathematics at the University of Oklahoma.