Neurotransmission
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Extrasynaptic Neurotransmission As A Way Of Modulating Multiple Neuronal Functions
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Author : Francisco F. De-Miguel
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :
Extrasynaptic Neurotransmission As A Way Of Modulating Multiple Neuronal Functions written by Francisco F. De-Miguel and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Extrasynaptic transmission is a unifying term for a wide variety of cellular processes, in which outside of synaptic terminals transmitter substances activate extrasynaptic receptors. Whereas “synaptic transmission” immediately refers to a process occurring at nerve terminals in which the arrival of a presynaptic impulse evokes exocytosis followed by a postsynaptic response within a millisecond time scale, extrasynaptic transmission has a wide diversity of ultrastructural and therefore mechanistic associated phenomena. In comparison to synaptic, extrasynaptic exocytosis may last for seconds or even minutes, thus expanding the timing of neuronal signaling. Extrasynaptic transmission has now been demonstrated in central and peripheral neurons of vertebrates and invertebrates, and involves many different types of transmitter substances than include low molecular weight transmitters (acetilcholine, GABA, glutamate, ATP, and biogenic amines) and peptides (substance P, vasopressin and others). It may occur when transmitters leak out from the synaptic cleft and activate extrasynaptic receptors in neighboring neurons or glial cells, or when axonal varicosities, dendrites or the somata release transmitters in the absence of postsynaptic counterparts. The release mechanisms also vary from one neuron type to another and from one neuronal compartment to another. In some cases, clear vesicles are apposed to the resting plasma membrane, as in presynaptic terminals. In other cases, transmitters are packed onto dense core vesicles that rest at a distance from the release sites. In between, there are multiple morphological combinations that point to complementary mechanisms in different compartments of the same neuron and some times, even in the same compartment. For example, serotonergic varicosities may combine clear and dense core vesicles in stereotyped arrays. This diversity adds complexity to the nervous system and raises many questions that are waiting for answers. Extrasynaptic transmission may be the main source of transmitter molecules causing volume transmission, however this still lacks direct demonstration. From the physiological point of view, one may ask how does the neuronal firing pattern evokes synaptic or extrasynaptic transmitter release or what are the physiological effects of these modes of transmission. From the behavioral point of view it becomes interesting to explore how circuits and therefore behaviors are modulated. Some neurological disfunctions may also be related to deficiencies in extrasynaptic transmission, however, again, direct studies are still lacking. Developmental and evolutionary biologists may also find the topic inspiring. Extrasynaptic transmission not only expands our view about how the nervous system works, but also requires a change in the way we plan our research. New technological and computational tools are now being applied to analyze intracellular and extracellular transmitter mobilizations or long term changes of neuronal circuits. New definitions and mechanisms may become visible. In the meanwhile, this seems to be a good moment for a first common effort to analyze and discuss extrasynaptic transmission in different systems and from different perspectives.
An Introduction To Neurotransmission In Health And Disease
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Author : Peter Riederer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
An Introduction To Neurotransmission In Health And Disease written by Peter Riederer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Medical categories.
This volume provides an in-depth exploration of the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological aspects of clinical disease syndromes. It will be of value to neuroscientists wanting to measure the importance of their work in the interpretation of the disease process, to clinicians seeking a greater understanding of the rationale for the measures they employ, and to pharmaceutical researchers needing information on drugs used in neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. Widely scattered information on the roles of neurotransmitters in normal physiological functions is brought together in this easy-to-use reference. source.
Principles Of Neurotransmission
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Author : L. Stockinger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-12
Principles Of Neurotransmission written by L. Stockinger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-12 with Medical categories.
During the last annual meeting of the Austrian Society for Electron Microscopy it was decided to organize scientific symposia dealing with basic problems of cytology. If possible such symposia should be arranged in cooperation with other scientific societies. We intended to arrange symposia on special fields, to be presented on several aspects by excellent scientists invited. "Neural Transmission" was chosen as a central topic for this first symposium. The subject represents a most rapidly expanding field of research and is of particular interest to morphologists, physiologists, pharmacologists, biochemists and clinicians. We are indebted to all the invited speakers for contributing their interesting papers. I feel bound to thank once more the firm of Bender, a subsidiary company of Boehringer Ingelheim and of Arzneimittelforschung Ges. m. b. H. Wien, for the generous financial support which made possible to realize the symposium. The publication of this volume, representing the papers and discussions originally read at the symposium and elaborated by the authors in detail and more extensively, was only made possible by the generous cooperation of the Springer-Verlag Vienna.
Neurotransmission
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Author : Liisa Ahtee
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Neurotransmission written by Liisa Ahtee and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Medical categories.
Neurotransmission is the second volume of the proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Pharmacology, organized by the Finnish Pharmacological Society and held in Helsinki, Finland, on July 20-25, 1975. The papers focus on the developments in neurotransmission and cover topics ranging from novel transmitter substances and extraneuronal uptake of catecholamines to axonal transport mechanisms and nerve growth factor. This volume has 28 chapters divided into five sections. After discussing the possible functional role of certain tryptaminergic pathways, this book turns its attention to the metabolism of endogenous noradrenaline, with emphasis on the role of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG). The chapters that follow focus on amino acids as possible neurotransmitters, including histamine and glutamate. This text discusses as well the mechanisms underlying extraneuronal amine uptake and metabolism in the salivary glands; the effect of oxytetracycline on the responses of various tissue preparations to added noradrenaline and to field stimulation; and how axoplasmic transport is blocked by pharmacological agents. This book will be of interest to scientists representing all the major areas of pharmacology, including clinical pharmacology and toxicology, as well as interdisciplinary areas related to physiology, biochemistry, and endocrinology. Many of the topics will also appeal to internists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and anaesthesiologists.
Neurotransmission In The Hippocampus
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Author : Michael Frotscher
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1988
Neurotransmission In The Hippocampus written by Michael Frotscher and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Medical categories.
This volume provides an interdisciplinary approach to this central research topic. Firstly, the hippocampus is presented generally as a model for experiments on neurotransmission in the central nervous system; secondly, special features of synaptic organisation and synaptic transmission in this area of the brain are introduced. Of particular note is the wide-ranging methodological approach which includes light and electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, Golgi/EM techniques, intracellular differentiation and intracellular colorings, histochemistry of transmitter enzymes and receptoraudiography. The reader thereby gains insight into the broad scope of methodological possibilities for the examination of such a complex problem as neurotransmission in the hippocampus.
Beyond Neurotransmission
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Author : Paul Katz
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 1999-08-05
Beyond Neurotransmission written by Paul Katz and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-08-05 with Psychology categories.
Neurons use many modes of communication to transmit information besides what has come to be called neurotransmission. One of the most important of these is neuromodulation, where the signal from one neuron changes the properties of other neurons or synapses. This book provides the foundations for understanding the cellular and molecular basis for neuromodulatory effects. It goes on to illustrate some key examples of the roles played by neuromodulation in sensory processing, neuromuscular transmission, generation of motor behaviours, and learning.
Neurotransmission In The Hippocampus
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Author : Michael Frotscher
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1988-03-18
Neurotransmission In The Hippocampus written by Michael Frotscher and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-03-18 with Medical categories.
This volume provides an interdisciplinary approach to this central research topic. Firstly, the hippocampus is presented generally as a model for experiments on neurotransmission in the central nervous system; secondly, special features of synaptic organisation and synaptic transmission in this area of the brain are introduced. Of particular note is the wide-ranging methodological approach which includes light and electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, Golgi/EM techniques, intracellular differentiation and intracellular colorings, histochemistry of transmitter enzymes and receptoraudiography. The reader thereby gains insight into the broad scope of methodological possibilities for the examination of such a complex problem as neurotransmission in the hippocampus.
Biogenic Amines In Neurotransmission And Human Disease
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Author : Ahmet Uçar
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2019-11-13
Biogenic Amines In Neurotransmission And Human Disease written by Ahmet Uçar and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-13 with Medical categories.
Drawing on the expertise of experienced researchers in neurotransmission and catecholamines, this book provides a brief overview of the latest knowledge in the field. The book contains an introductory chapter that aims to explain the subsequent four chapters for researchers who are new to the field.
Gaba And Glutamate
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Author : Janko Samardzic
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-03-21
Gaba And Glutamate written by Janko Samardzic and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-21 with Medical categories.
This book collates the contributions of a selected number of neuroscientists that are interested in the molecular, preclinical, and clinical aspects of neurotransmission research. The seven chapters in this book address the latest research/review data related to GABA/glutamate system's organization and function, the structure of receptors, subtypes and their ligands, as well as the translational approach and clinical implications. The book offers readers a rich collection of data regarding current and future applications of GABA and glutamate neurotransmission, including promising research strategies and potential clinical benefits.
Metabolic Compartmentation And Neurotransmission
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Author : Soll Berl
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-07
Metabolic Compartmentation And Neurotransmission written by Soll Berl and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-07 with Science categories.
The first symposium on metabolic compartmentation in brain was held at the Rockefeller Foundation, Bellagio, Italy, July 11-16, 1971; the proceedings CR. Balazs and J. E. Cremer, editors, MacMillan) appeared in 1973. At the conclusion of the first symposium it was decided to assess in 2-3 years the progress in this rapidly developing area. This volume represents the proceedings of an Advanced Study Institute, made possible by a grant from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Scientific Affairs Division. Additional generous support by the Wellcome Trust allowed attendance by participants from non-NATO countries. S. Ber! D. D. Clarke D. Schneider xi Introduction The term metabolic compartmentation, as related to the chemistry of the brain, appeared in print for the first time about 15 years ago. The concept was developed in the laboratory of Dr. Heinrich Waelsch as a result of studies related to the metabolism of glutamic acid and glutamine. It was welcomed by a number of neurochemists who felt that the concept had validity and would help explain metabolic phenomena that were otherwise quite puzzling. The concept gradually achieved general acceptance, and by 1971 the amount of information that could profit by being examined from the point of view of metabolic compartmentation had increased sufficiently to warrant a symposium on the subject ("Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain," Balazs and Cremer, eds. , MacMillan, 1973). Almost all the participants at that initial symposium were present at the second, on which this volume is based.