Predator Prey Dynamics
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Predator Prey Dynamics
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Author : Michael R. Conover
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-03-30
Predator Prey Dynamics written by Michael R. Conover and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-30 with Science categories.
Humans, being visually oriented, are well versed in camouflage and how animals hide from predators that use vision to locate prey. However, many predators do not hunt by sight; they hunt by scent. This raises the question: do survival mechanisms and behaviors exist which allow animals to hide from these olfactory predators? If so, what are they, and how do they work? Predator-Prey Dynamics: The Role of Olfaction examines environmental as well as biological and behavioral elements of both predators and prey to answer gaps in our current knowledge of the survival dynamics of species. Beginning with a thorough look at the mechanics of olfaction, the author explains how predators detect, locate, and track their prey using odor trails on the ground or odor plumes in the air. Understanding the physics of airflow is the next step to understanding the potential for manipulating and masking scent. While a bush may conceal an animal visually from a predator, it will not protect an animal from a predator using olfaction. To hide from the latter, an animal needs to hide in locations where turbulence and updrafts will disperse its scent. The book addresses tradeoffs that animals must make given their dual needs to hide from predators and to procure food and water. Studies of mammalian and avian behavior provide examples on the actual use and efficacy of olfactory camouflage tactics. The book concludes with a redefinition of ecological terms based on the physics of airflow and a summary of the theory and implications of olfactory predator--prey dynamics. Introducing the mechanics of olfaction and its influence on the behavior of both predators and prey, Predator-Prey Dynamics: The Role of Olfaction presents a new perception of the world and enables us to understand and more effectively manage the delicate survival dynamics of animals in the wild.
Predator Prey Dynamics
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Author : Michael R. Conover
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-03-30
Predator Prey Dynamics written by Michael R. Conover and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-30 with Nature categories.
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The Dynamics Of Arthopod Predator Prey Systems Mpb 13 Volume 13
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Author : Michael Patrick Hassell
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-31
The Dynamics Of Arthopod Predator Prey Systems Mpb 13 Volume 13 written by Michael Patrick Hassell and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Science categories.
In this study of arthropod predador-prey systems Michael Hassell shows how many of the components of predation may be simply modeled in order to reveal their effects on the overall dynamics of the interacting populations. Arthropods, particularly insects, make ideal subjects for such a study because their generation times are characteristically short and many have relatively discrete generations, inviting the use of difference equation models to describe population changes. Using analytical models framed in difference equations, Dr. Hassell is able to show how the detailed biological processes of insect predator-prey (including host-parasitoid) interactions may be understood. Emphasizing the development and subsequent stability analysis of general models, the author considers in detail several crucial components of predator-prey models: the prey's rate of increase as a function of density, non-random search, mutual interference, and the predator's rate of increase as a function of predator survival and fecundity. Drawing on the correspondence between the models and field and laboratory data, Dr. Hassell then discusses the practical implications for biological pest control and suggests how such models may help to formulate a theoretical basis for biological control practices.
The Total Predatory Response And Its Impact On Predator Prey Dynamics
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Author : Luis Francisco Soto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Total Predatory Response And Its Impact On Predator Prey Dynamics written by Luis Francisco Soto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities Mpb 9 Volume 9
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Author : Michael E. Gilpin
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-31
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities Mpb 9 Volume 9 written by Michael E. Gilpin and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Science categories.
Many animals regulate their population density by patterns of behavior that would be easy to explain if the forces of natural selection acted to optimize group properties. But Darwinian selection acts on individuals, not groups, and most simple theories have shown group selection to be too slow ever to oppose individual selection successfully. In this book Michael Gilpin presents a model, based on predator-prey dynamics, wherein nonlinear effects are important, so that small advantages to the selfish individual are nonlinearly amplified into disaster for his group. The result is that group selection can be rapid and powerful. Of course many instances of apparent group selection can be explained by kin selection; in other cases, close examination reveals that seemingly altruistic behavior directly benefits the individual genotype as well as the group. The value of the monograph is that it provides a robust model in which group selection, pure and unadulterated, can be seen to work.
A Short History Of Mathematical Population Dynamics
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Author : Nicolas Bacaër
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-02-01
A Short History Of Mathematical Population Dynamics written by Nicolas Bacaër and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-01 with Mathematics categories.
As Eugene Wigner stressed, mathematics has proven unreasonably effective in the physical sciences and their technological applications. The role of mathematics in the biological, medical and social sciences has been much more modest but has recently grown thanks to the simulation capacity offered by modern computers. This book traces the history of population dynamics---a theoretical subject closely connected to genetics, ecology, epidemiology and demography---where mathematics has brought significant insights. It presents an overview of the genesis of several important themes: exponential growth, from Euler and Malthus to the Chinese one-child policy; the development of stochastic models, from Mendel's laws and the question of extinction of family names to percolation theory for the spread of epidemics, and chaotic populations, where determinism and randomness intertwine. The reader of this book will see, from a different perspective, the problems that scientists face when governments ask for reliable predictions to help control epidemics (AIDS, SARS, swine flu), manage renewable resources (fishing quotas, spread of genetically modified organisms) or anticipate demographic evolutions such as aging.
Insect Predator Prey Dynamics
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Author : A. F. G. Dixon
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2000-06
Insect Predator Prey Dynamics written by A. F. G. Dixon and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-06 with Nature categories.
Much of our understanding about insect predator-prey dynamics has been due to studies on insect parasitoids. But do true predators such as ladybird beetles really operate in a similar way and how does this affect their use in biological control? The extensive literature on ladybirds as biocontrol agents shows that their size and rate of development is very dependent on the nature of their prey. This volume explores basic ladybird biology, their association with their prey and its effect on development rate and body size. Optimal foraging theory, field observations and laboratory experiments are used to illustrate how ladybird larvae maximise their rate of energy intake, and ladybird adults their fitness. The interdependence of these life history parameters is then used to develop a simple predator-prey model which, with an analysis of the literature, highlights the specific attributes of potentially successful biocontrol agents for all those interested in predator-prey dynamics.
Nonlinear Dynamics Of Interacting Populations
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Author : A. D. Bazykin
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1998
Nonlinear Dynamics Of Interacting Populations written by A. D. Bazykin and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Science categories.
This book contains a systematic study of ecological communities of two or three interacting populations. Starting from the Lotka-Volterra system, various regulating factors are considered, such as rates of birth and death, predation and competition. The different factors can have a stabilizing or a destabilizing effect on the community, and their interplay leads to increasingly complicated behavior. Studying and understanding this path to greater dynamical complexity of ecological systems constitutes the backbone of this book. On the mathematical side, the tool of choice is the qualitative theory of dynamical systems — most importantly bifurcation theory, which describes the dependence of a system on the parameters. This approach allows one to find general patterns of behavior that are expected to be observed in ecological models. Of special interest is the reaction of a given model to disturbances of its present state, as well as to changes in the external conditions. This leads to the general idea of “dangerous boundaries” in the state and parameter space of an ecological system. The study of these boundaries allows one to analyze and predict qualitative and often sudden changes of the dynamics — a much-needed tool, given the increasing antropogenic load on the biosphere.As a spin-off from this approach, the book can be used as a guided tour of bifurcation theory from the viewpoint of application. The interested reader will find a wealth of intriguing examples of how known bifurcations occur in applications. The book can in fact be seen as bridging the gap between mathematical biology and bifurcation theory.
Three Species Population Dynamics Models
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Author : Mohammad Khan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-20
Three Species Population Dynamics Models written by Mohammad Khan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-20 with categories.
The aim of this book is to model multiple species food chain in three dimensions using system of Lotka-Volterra equations also known as the predator-prey equations. The consequences of varying parameters in Lotka-Volterra equations which cause changes in population dynamics are examined carefully. The effect on population dynamics as a result of these parametric changes in the systems are studied within invariant surfaces and, in terms of stability, in the neighborhood of equilibrium points. Of course the intention is to investigate the periodic behavior and the initial conditions that lead to it. It is known that the two-dimensional system exhibit stable cyclic behavior for all initial conditions where neither population tends to extinct. However, for the three-dimensional system, the behavior of the system is no longer cyclic all the time but varies, depending on the choice of constants used in the system definition. We might expect for model in chapter 3 that two prey and one predator to coexist; this is not always the case. Our investigation shows that all three species can coexist cyclically only if both prey species are essentially the same otherwise the weaker prey specie dies out eventually. Models discussed in chapters 4 and 5 represent the restrictions imposed on a population by environmental factors, species competition and other limited resources. Our study demonstrates the periodic behavior of the system (4) in chapter 6, which is non-asymptotically stable around the equilibrium point for a particular realistic case. In all cases prey species survive, however the existence of top level predator over time depends solely upon the parameter's value. The merits and flaws of these models are also discussed.
Predator Prey Dynamics Under The Influence Of Exogenous And Endogenous Regulation
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Author : Katrin Tirok
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Predator Prey Dynamics Under The Influence Of Exogenous And Endogenous Regulation written by Katrin Tirok and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.