Random Forests With R
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Random Forests With R
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Author : Robin Genuer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-09-10
Random Forests With R written by Robin Genuer and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-10 with Mathematics categories.
This book offers an application-oriented guide to random forests: a statistical learning method extensively used in many fields of application, thanks to its excellent predictive performance, but also to its flexibility, which places few restrictions on the nature of the data used. Indeed, random forests can be adapted to both supervised classification problems and regression problems. In addition, they allow us to consider qualitative and quantitative explanatory variables together, without pre-processing. Moreover, they can be used to process standard data for which the number of observations is higher than the number of variables, while also performing very well in the high dimensional case, where the number of variables is quite large in comparison to the number of observations. Consequently, they are now among the preferred methods in the toolbox of statisticians and data scientists. The book is primarily intended for students in academic fields such as statistical education, but also for practitioners in statistics and machine learning. A scientific undergraduate degree is quite sufficient to take full advantage of the concepts, methods, and tools discussed. In terms of computer science skills, little background knowledge is required, though an introduction to the R language is recommended. Random forests are part of the family of tree-based methods; accordingly, after an introductory chapter, Chapter 2 presents CART trees. The next three chapters are devoted to random forests. They focus on their presentation (Chapter 3), on the variable importance tool (Chapter 4), and on the variable selection problem (Chapter 5), respectively. After discussing the concepts and methods, we illustrate their implementation on a running example. Then, various complements are provided before examining additional examples. Throughout the book, each result is given together with the code (in R) that can be used to reproduce it. Thus, the book offers readers essential information and concepts, together with examples and the software tools needed to analyse data using random forests.
Hands On Machine Learning With R
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Author : Brad Boehmke
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-11-07
Hands On Machine Learning With R written by Brad Boehmke and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Hands-on Machine Learning with R provides a practical and applied approach to learning and developing intuition into today’s most popular machine learning methods. This book serves as a practitioner’s guide to the machine learning process and is meant to help the reader learn to apply the machine learning stack within R, which includes using various R packages such as glmnet, h2o, ranger, xgboost, keras, and others to effectively model and gain insight from their data. The book favors a hands-on approach, providing an intuitive understanding of machine learning concepts through concrete examples and just a little bit of theory. Throughout this book, the reader will be exposed to the entire machine learning process including feature engineering, resampling, hyperparameter tuning, model evaluation, and interpretation. The reader will be exposed to powerful algorithms such as regularized regression, random forests, gradient boosting machines, deep learning, generalized low rank models, and more! By favoring a hands-on approach and using real word data, the reader will gain an intuitive understanding of the architectures and engines that drive these algorithms and packages, understand when and how to tune the various hyperparameters, and be able to interpret model results. By the end of this book, the reader should have a firm grasp of R’s machine learning stack and be able to implement a systematic approach for producing high quality modeling results. Features: · Offers a practical and applied introduction to the most popular machine learning methods. · Topics covered include feature engineering, resampling, deep learning and more. · Uses a hands-on approach and real world data.
Random Forests
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Author : Yu. L. Pavlov
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2019-01-14
Random Forests written by Yu. L. Pavlov and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-14 with Mathematics categories.
No detailed description available for "Random Forests".
Computational Genomics With R
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Author : Altuna Akalin
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-12-16
Computational Genomics With R written by Altuna Akalin and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-16 with Mathematics categories.
Computational Genomics with R provides a starting point for beginners in genomic data analysis and also guides more advanced practitioners to sophisticated data analysis techniques in genomics. The book covers topics from R programming, to machine learning and statistics, to the latest genomic data analysis techniques. The text provides accessible information and explanations, always with the genomics context in the background. This also contains practical and well-documented examples in R so readers can analyze their data by simply reusing the code presented. As the field of computational genomics is interdisciplinary, it requires different starting points for people with different backgrounds. For example, a biologist might skip sections on basic genome biology and start with R programming, whereas a computer scientist might want to start with genome biology. After reading: You will have the basics of R and be able to dive right into specialized uses of R for computational genomics such as using Bioconductor packages. You will be familiar with statistics, supervised and unsupervised learning techniques that are important in data modeling, and exploratory analysis of high-dimensional data. You will understand genomic intervals and operations on them that are used for tasks such as aligned read counting and genomic feature annotation. You will know the basics of processing and quality checking high-throughput sequencing data. You will be able to do sequence analysis, such as calculating GC content for parts of a genome or finding transcription factor binding sites. You will know about visualization techniques used in genomics, such as heatmaps, meta-gene plots, and genomic track visualization. You will be familiar with analysis of different high-throughput sequencing data sets, such as RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and BS-seq. You will know basic techniques for integrating and interpreting multi-omics datasets. Altuna Akalin is a group leader and head of the Bioinformatics and Omics Data Science Platform at the Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin. He has been developing computational methods for analyzing and integrating large-scale genomics data sets since 2002. He has published an extensive body of work in this area. The framework for this book grew out of the yearly computational genomics courses he has been organizing and teaching since 2015.
Novel Random Forest And Variable Importance Methods For Clustered Data
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Novel Random Forest And Variable Importance Methods For Clustered Data written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Electronic books categories.
Tree-based methods are becoming increasingly popular due to their few statistical assumptions and accurate predictions. Classification and Regression Trees (CART) can handle a variety of data structures and give easy to interpret prediction rules. However, there are several limitations with CART including requiring independent outcomes, having high variance, giving poor predictive performance, and inducing a variable selection bias. In this dissertation, we discuss these limitations and propose algorithms that resolve these issues. n Chapter 1, we introduce CART and discuss the advantages with tree-based methods. We show CART handles interactions and nonlinear relationships and provides easy to interpret prediction rules. We conclude with an example and discuss some of the limitations with the standard CART implementation. In Chapter 2, we discuss the MST R package which extends the CART implementation to handle multivariate survival data. We introduce multivariate survival trees and illustrate how they can be constructed in R. We discuss some of the features of the MST R package. We analyze a dental study to predict tooth loss and estimate survival of molars and non-molars. We conclude with future directions of the MST R package. In Chapter 3, we introduce random forests. Random forests reduce the variance from CART and are one of the most accurate machine learning methods to make predictions and analyze studies. However, the variable selection bias found in CART still occurs with random forests. We propose a variant of the random forest called completely randomized with acceptance-rejection trees (CRAR). We compare our proposed method with three other methods of constructing random forests: standard random forest (RF), smooth sigmoid surrogate trees (SSS), and extremely randomized trees (ER). We find CRAR and ER have the best overall accuracy and performance for classification problems. They have the lowest misclassification rates, reduce or eliminate the variable selection bias, and are the fastest algorithms. The best algorithm for regression problems may be selected based on the overall objective — whether it be high accuracy, variable selection, or speed. We recommend considering all four algorithms based on the study and objective. In Chapter 4, we propose the repeated measures random forest (RMRF) algorithm that extends the standard random forest implementation to handle longitudinal designs. The RMRF algorithm uses subsamples, the robust Wald statistic, and an accept-reject quality control step to grow an ensemble of trees. We adopt an area under the curve (AUC) based permuted importance method to assess variable importance. We show the RMRF algorithm outperforms other algorithms that naively assume independence under a variety of data simulations. An algorithm that ignores the dependence will favor patient-level variables for strongly correlated responses. We also show the RMRF algorithm outperforms RF and ER at identifying the informative variable. The final chapter uses the RMRF algorithm to identify factors associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia. We adopt a permuted importance method to test significance of factors with random forests. We find hemoglobin A1c (P=0.01), bedtime blood glucose (P=0.01), insulin on board (P=0.03), time system activated (P=0.02), exercise (P=0.01), and daytime hypoglycemia (P=0.01) are associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia. We show interaction effects affect hypoglycemia and explore the significance of time system activated. Finally, we assign risk profiles to each night and show the RMRF algorithm accurately predicts nocturnal hypoglycemia. We conclude the proposed RMRF algorithm can identify influential variables while handling dependent outcomes.
Ensemble Machine Learning
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Author : Cha Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-02-17
Ensemble Machine Learning written by Cha Zhang and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-17 with Computers categories.
It is common wisdom that gathering a variety of views and inputs improves the process of decision making, and, indeed, underpins a democratic society. Dubbed “ensemble learning” by researchers in computational intelligence and machine learning, it is known to improve a decision system’s robustness and accuracy. Now, fresh developments are allowing researchers to unleash the power of ensemble learning in an increasing range of real-world applications. Ensemble learning algorithms such as “boosting” and “random forest” facilitate solutions to key computational issues such as face recognition and are now being applied in areas as diverse as object tracking and bioinformatics. Responding to a shortage of literature dedicated to the topic, this volume offers comprehensive coverage of state-of-the-art ensemble learning techniques, including the random forest skeleton tracking algorithm in the Xbox Kinect sensor, which bypasses the need for game controllers. At once a solid theoretical study and a practical guide, the volume is a windfall for researchers and practitioners alike.
Tree Based Methods For Statistical Learning In R
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Author : Brandon M. Greenwell
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-06-23
Tree Based Methods For Statistical Learning In R written by Brandon M. Greenwell and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-23 with Business & Economics categories.
Tree-based Methods for Statistical Learning in R provides a thorough introduction to both individual decision tree algorithms (Part I) and ensembles thereof (Part II). Part I of the book brings several different tree algorithms into focus, both conventional and contemporary. Building a strong foundation for how individual decision trees work will help readers better understand tree-based ensembles at a deeper level, which lie at the cutting edge of modern statistical and machine learning methodology. The book follows up most ideas and mathematical concepts with code-based examples in the R statistical language; with an emphasis on using as few external packages as possible. For example, users will be exposed to writing their own random forest and gradient tree boosting functions using simple for loops and basic tree fitting software (like rpart and party/partykit), and more. The core chapters also end with a detailed section on relevant software in both R and other opensource alternatives (e.g., Python, Spark, and Julia), and example usage on real data sets. While the book mostly uses R, it is meant to be equally accessible and useful to non-R programmers. Consumers of this book will have gained a solid foundation (and appreciation) for tree-based methods and how they can be used to solve practical problems and challenges data scientists often face in applied work. Features: Thorough coverage, from the ground up, of tree-based methods (e.g., CART, conditional inference trees, bagging, boosting, and random forests). A companion website containing additional supplementary material and the code to reproduce every example and figure in the book. A companion R package, called treemisc, which contains several data sets and functions used throughout the book (e.g., there’s an implementation of gradient tree boosting with LAD loss that shows how to perform the line search step by updating the terminal node estimates of a fitted rpart tree). Interesting examples that are of practical use; for example, how to construct partial dependence plots from a fitted model in Spark MLlib (using only Spark operations), or post-processing tree ensembles via the LASSO to reduce the number of trees while maintaining, or even improving performance.
Small Sample Size Solutions
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Author : Rens van de Schoot
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-02-13
Small Sample Size Solutions written by Rens van de Schoot and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-13 with Psychology categories.
Researchers often have difficulties collecting enough data to test their hypotheses, either because target groups are small or hard to access, or because data collection entails prohibitive costs. Such obstacles may result in data sets that are too small for the complexity of the statistical model needed to answer the research question. This unique book provides guidelines and tools for implementing solutions to issues that arise in small sample research. Each chapter illustrates statistical methods that allow researchers to apply the optimal statistical model for their research question when the sample is too small. This essential book will enable social and behavioral science researchers to test their hypotheses even when the statistical model required for answering their research question is too complex for the sample sizes they can collect. The statistical models in the book range from the estimation of a population mean to models with latent variables and nested observations, and solutions include both classical and Bayesian methods. All proposed solutions are described in steps researchers can implement with their own data and are accompanied with annotated syntax in R. The methods described in this book will be useful for researchers across the social and behavioral sciences, ranging from medical sciences and epidemiology to psychology, marketing, and economics.
Data Mining With Rattle And R
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Author : Graham Williams
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-08-04
Data Mining With Rattle And R written by Graham Williams and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-04 with Mathematics categories.
Data mining is the art and science of intelligent data analysis. By building knowledge from information, data mining adds considerable value to the ever increasing stores of electronic data that abound today. In performing data mining many decisions need to be made regarding the choice of methodology, the choice of data, the choice of tools, and the choice of algorithms. Throughout this book the reader is introduced to the basic concepts and some of the more popular algorithms of data mining. With a focus on the hands-on end-to-end process for data mining, Williams guides the reader through various capabilities of the easy to use, free, and open source Rattle Data Mining Software built on the sophisticated R Statistical Software. The focus on doing data mining rather than just reading about data mining is refreshing. The book covers data understanding, data preparation, data refinement, model building, model evaluation, and practical deployment. The reader will learn to rapidly deliver a data mining project using software easily installed for free from the Internet. Coupling Rattle with R delivers a very sophisticated data mining environment with all the power, and more, of the many commercial offerings.
Interpretable Machine Learning
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Author : Christoph Molnar
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2020
Interpretable Machine Learning written by Christoph Molnar and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Artificial intelligence categories.
This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.