The Awassi Sheep With Special Reference To The Improved Dairy Type

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The Awassi Sheep With Special Reference To The Improved Dairy Type

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Author : Hellmut Epstein
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Release Date : 1985-01-01

The Awassi Sheep With Special Reference To The Improved Dairy Type written by Hellmut Epstein and has been published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985-01-01 with Awassi sheep categories.

Suitability Of Different Awassi Lines For Efficient Sheep Production Of Bedouins In The Negev In Israel

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Author : Anna Al Baqain
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2012-07-19

Suitability Of Different Awassi Lines For Efficient Sheep Production Of Bedouins In The Negev In Israel written by Anna Al Baqain and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-19 with Science categories.

Summary In Israel, more than half of the national sheep flock is kept by Bedouin in the Negev desert. Extensive production systems co-exist besides semi-intensive systems with varying economic success. There is a constant regional demand for sheep meat, but the local supply is not able to cover it. The wide gap between the performance potential of the commonly used and environmentally adapted local Awassi and improved sheep breeds suggests an increase in economic efficiency by intensification of breeding. The choice of a suitable breed for a specific system is seen as key factor for the farm success and requires the knowledge of the animals’ adaptation. Information on the performance of Bedouin sheep flocks under the given harsh production conditions are, however, missing. The purpose of the study was thus a characterization of current production systems, the assessment of the aggregated performance of the different Awassi lines kept in those systems and the impact of socio-economic and production factors on the efficiency of Bedouin sheep production. Also breeding objectives of Bedouin sheep farmers were investigated. The role of new breeding technologies in the ongoing process of intensification of sheep farming systems was analyzed and discussed. Data collection was step-wise with repeated field surveys from January 2007 till March 2009, lasting 6 months altogether. In a first diagnostic survey 30 Bedouin households in the Negev desert, located in two different climatic zones, arid and semi-arid, and keeping a minimum flock size of 50 animals, were visited. Households were grouped into 4 tribe groups according to location and ethnical background. In a second step, 21 households of the previous sample were visited again and grouped according to the breed composition of their flocks and by their use of hormonal synchronization and/or artificial insemination. Semi-structured interviews and participative observation yielded information about the socio-economic situation of the household, function of flocks, the livestock husbandry, sheep management and production. Sheep market surveys, key person interviews and secondary data were used for verification of data. Detailed information on sheep was obtained through on-farm performance recording run in 16 sheep farms, including a total of 2420 breeding ewes. Sheep of different Improved Awassi lines were present in those experimental flocks, including the Afec Awassi, carrying the Booroola gene (BB/B+), which has a major impact on prolificacy, and the Assaf breed. In a last step, 56 sheep farmers from different parts of the Negev were asked about their selection criteria for replacement. Trait preferences were derived by a consecutive ranking technique. The data analysis incorporated descriptive statistics, general linear models and non-parametric tests performed with SAS 9.1 and SAS 9.2 software. The diagnostic survey revealed that functions of sheep flocks differed significantly between tribes: in the semi-arid area with a main focus on generating income, and in tribes of the arid zone with a higher importance of subsistence related and social purposes. The primary purpose was meat production. The dual purpose of meat and milk was still found in 57% of the farms, yet only 13% of the farms were selling milk products. The missing market access was the main reason for a strong decline in the use of milk, wool and manure during the last decade. Lamb meat, providing the main output of all farms, ranged from 13 to 58 kg of marketable live weight per ewe and year (LME). Classified according to their LME, 30% of the investigated farms followed an extensive, 47% a semi-extensive and 23% a semi-intensive management. Significant differences in meat output were found for the factors tribe group, breed composition of flocks and selling age of lambs. The gross margin per ewe and year varied between -27 € and 54 € and the net benefit per flock and year (NB) between -7,020 € and 20,993 €. Both economic parameters were positively related to the meat output. Negative NB’s were realized by 43% of the farms, belonging foremost to traditional Bedouin tribes, oriented towards subsistence and living in remote areas. Only 27% of economically successful farms generated an income comparable to that of a part-time off-farm job. These farmers regularly used veterinary services to introduce improved breeds and modern breeding technology. Their good market access facilitated a strong market-oriented production, integrating lamb fattening, which had the highest impact on the production success. During the two years of research a severe drought occurred in the study region, causing a decline in LME, due to lower lambing rates and higher mortalities. To adapt to changing conditions, farms keeping the pure local Awassi breed reduced their flock sizes stronger than farms keeping also crossbreds. Consequently, the LME and the NB decreased stronger in flocks of pure local Awassi, compared to flocks with crossbreds. The decline in the NB was 14 times lower in flocks with use of hormonal synchronization and/or artificial insemination than in flocks with the local breed kept under traditional management. The lowest decline in the NB and the benefit cost ratio (BCR) were found in flocks with more than 50% crossbreds. Yet, a high variation in performance among flocks with different degrees of crossbreeding was detected. Data analysis of flocks with permanent performance recording revealed that prolificacy was significantly affected by breed, besides farm and parity. Afec Awassi (B+) ewes had a significantly (p

Improving The Safety And Quality Of Milk

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Author : Mansel W Griffiths
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2010-04-21

Improving The Safety And Quality Of Milk written by Mansel W Griffiths and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Consumers demand quality milk with a reasonable shelf-life, a requirement that can be met more successfully by the milk industry through use of improved processes and technologies. Guaranteeing the production of safe milk also remains of paramount importance. Improving the safety and quality of milk provides a comprehensive and timely reference to best practice and research advances in these areas. Volume 1 focuses on milk production and processing. Volume 2 covers the sensory and nutritional quality of cow’s milk and addresses quality improvement of a range of other milk-based products. The health aspects of milk, its role in the diet and milk-based functional foods are the focus of the opening section of Volume 2. Part two reviews essential aspects of milk quality, including milk microbial spoilage and chemical deterioration, sensory evaluation, factors affecting milk vitamin and mineral content and the impact of packaging on quality. Chapters in part three look at improving particular products, such as organic milk, goat milk and sheep milk. The impact of milk on the quality of yoghurt and cheese is also covered. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, volume 2 of Improving the safety and quality of milk is an essential reference for researchers and those in industry responsible for milk safety and quality. Examines the sensory and nutritional quality of cow's milk and addresses quality improvement of a range of other milk-based products Reviews the health aspects of milk and its role in the diet, as well as the essential aspects of milk quality, including microbial spoilage and chemical deterioration, sensory evaluation and factors affecting milk vitamin and mineral content Discusses various application requirements of milk such as milk quality requirements in yoghurt-making, cheesemaking, infant formulas and applications of milk components in products other than foods

Sheep Production Adapting To Climate Change

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Author : Veerasamy Sejian
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-20

Sheep Production Adapting To Climate Change written by Veerasamy Sejian and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book presents a compilation of the latest findings from reputed researchers around the globe, covering in detail climate change and its effects on sheep production. In the current global climate change scenario, information related to its impact on livestock agriculture is lacking. The negative impacts of climate change are already being felt by all livestock species. Further, the mitigation and amelioration strategies that are applicable for one species may not hold true for another. As such, concerted research efforts are needed to identify species-specific strategies for mitigation and adaptation. With that goal in mind, this book is the first of its kind to gather comprehensive information pertaining to the impact of climate change on various aspects of sheep production. It also sheds light on the role of sheep with regard to the global greenhouse gas pool. The book highlights the status quo of sheep production from climate change perspectives and projects the significance of adapting future sheep production to the challenges posed by climate change. It addresses in detail the various adaptations, methane mitigation and amelioration strategies needed to sustain sheep production in the future. In addition, the book presents development plans and policies that will allow the sheep industry to cope with current climate changes and strategies that will lessen future impacts. Bringing together essential information prepared by world-class researchers hailing from different agro-ecological zones, this book offers a unique resource for all researchers, teachers and students associated with sustaining the sheep production in the face of global change.

Prospects For A Sustainable Dairy Sector In The Mediterranean

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Author : M. Djemali
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2023-08-28

Prospects For A Sustainable Dairy Sector In The Mediterranean written by M. Djemali and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Dairy products have always constituted an essential component in the Mediterranean diet. In addition to their nutritional values, they represent also a part of the cultural heritage of the people. Prospects for a sustainable dairy sector in the Mediterranean, preconditions for its development and the future consumers' demand were some of the issues covered by the papers presented at the EAAP - CIHEAM - FAO Mediterranean symposium. It was organised by the Tunisian Office for Livestock and Pastures and the National Agronomic Research Institute and sustained by the Government of Tunisia, FAO, ICAR and CIRVAL. Over 280 participants from 25 countries participated. The symposium identified a variety of technically viable and scientifically sound policy options and defined the main fields requiring further scientific research and the development of new sustainable technologies. The available technologies to address intensive, semi intensive and extensive production systems and the existing institutional framework (research, education, extension systems, organisation of the sector), although requiring continuous adjustments and improvements, have proved to be in a position to meet a variety of demands and challenges. In this respect, the Symposium called for an increase in research for the semi-intensive farming systems in the South and emerging issues resulting from changes in agricultural policies in the North. It emphasised the importance of producers1 associations as representatives of the interests of the sector and partners in the overall dialogue on policy matters and in the identification of research needs. The Symposium confirmed the wish and capacity of the dairy sector in the Region to contribute to the sustainable rural development, to the creation of new employment opportunities and to the reasonable and harmonious management of the natural resources.

The Future Of Drylands

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Author : Cathy Lee
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-10-29

The Future Of Drylands written by Cathy Lee and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Drylands have been cradles to some of the world’s greatest civilizations, and contemporary dryland communities feature rich and unique cultures. Dryland ecosystems support a surprising amount of biodiversity. Desertification, however, is a significant land degradation problem in the arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions of the world. Deterioration of soil and plant cover has adversely affected 70% of the world’s drylands as a result of extended droughts as well as mismanagement of range and cultivated lands. The situation is likely to worsen with high population growth rates and accompanying land-use conflicts. The contributions to The Future of Drylands – an international scientific conference held under the leadership of UNESCO – address these issues and offer practical solutions for combating desertification along with conserving and sustainably managing dryland ecosystems. Major themes include the conservation of dryland biological and cultural diversity and the human dryland interface. This volume documents how our improved understanding of drylands provides insight into the health and future prospects of these precious ecosystems that should help ensure that dryland communities enjoy a sustainable future.

The Second Report On The State Of The World S Animal Genetic Resources For Food And Agriculture

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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2018-06-06

The Second Report On The State Of The World S Animal Genetic Resources For Food And Agriculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-06 with Social Science categories.

Animal genetic resource diversity underpins the supply livestock products and services across a wide range of production environments. It promotes resilience and serves as a basis for adapting livestock management to changing conditions. It is vital to livelihoods of many of the world’s poor people. It can contribute to the delivery of ecosystem services such as landscape management and the maintenance of wildlife habitats. However, it is often undervalued, underused and under threat. This report updates the global assessment provided in the first report on The State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, published in 2007. It focuses particularly on changes that have occurred during the period since the first report was published. It serves as a basis for a review, and potential update, of the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources, which since 2007 has provided an agreed international framework for the management of livestock biodiversity. Drawing on 129 country reports, it presents an analysis of the state of livestock diversity, the influence of livestock-sector trends on the management of animal genetic resources, the state of capacity to manage animal genetic resources, including legal and policy frameworks, and the state of the art in tools and methods for characterization, valuation, use, development and conservation.

Food Security And Climate Change In Dry Areas Proceedings Of The International Conference On Food Security And Climate Change In Dry Areas Amman Jordan 1 4 Feb 2010

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ICARDA
Release Date :

Food Security And Climate Change In Dry Areas Proceedings Of The International Conference On Food Security And Climate Change In Dry Areas Amman Jordan 1 4 Feb 2010 written by and has been published by ICARDA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

Qualitative Risk Assessment For African Swine Fever Virus Introduction

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Author : Rozstalnyy, A., Roche, X., TagoPacheco, D., Kamata, A., BeltranAlcrudo, D., Khomenko, S., Lockhart, C., Urdaz, J., Gioia, G., Gonzalez Serrano, A., VonDobschuetz, S., Dhingra, M., Sumption, K.
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2022-02-28

Qualitative Risk Assessment For African Swine Fever Virus Introduction written by Rozstalnyy, A., Roche, X., TagoPacheco, D., Kamata, A., BeltranAlcrudo, D., Khomenko, S., Lockhart, C., Urdaz, J., Gioia, G., Gonzalez Serrano, A., VonDobschuetz, S., Dhingra, M., Sumption, K. and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Following the re-introduction of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) in the Americas after 40 years of absence, FAO conducted a qualitative risk assessment for the likelihood of entry of ASF from the Dominican Republic and Haiti to unaffected countries and territories of the Americas and the likelihood of exposure to susceptible animal populations should the disease be introduced. In addition, the potential economic and social impact of ASFV spreading across the continent was assessed. The risk assessment covers the period of December 2021 to February 2022 and considered six risk pathways of introduction and spread. The methodology, information used and results of the risk assessment and economic impact assessment are available in this publication along with recommendations for prevention and control of ASFV introduction and spread in the region. In addition, the publication compiles information collected from 35 countries/territories in the Americas through a questionnaire and presents evidence on the complex swine/pork value chains in the region retrieved from various sources.

Encyclopedia Of Dairy Sciences

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2011-03-25

Encyclopedia Of Dairy Sciences written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Dairy Science, Four Volume Set includes the study of milk and milk-derived food products, examining the biological, chemical, physical, and microbiological aspects of milk itself as well as the technological (processing) aspects of the transformation of milk into its various consumer products, including beverages, fermented products, concentrated and dried products, butter and ice cream. This new edition includes information on the possible impact of genetic modification of dairy animals, safety concerns of raw milk and raw milk products, peptides in milk, dairy-based allergies, packaging and shelf-life and other topics of importance and interest to those in dairy research and industry. Fully reviewed, revised and updated with the latest developments in Dairy Science Full color inserts in each volume illustrate key concepts Extended index for easily locating information