Three Essays On The Economics Of Racial And Ethnic Differences
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Three Essays On The Economics Of Racial And Ethnic Differences
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Author : Chao Zhou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Three Essays On The Economics Of Racial And Ethnic Differences written by Chao Zhou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Racism categories.
Three Essays On Causes Of Skill Racial And Ethnic Labor Market Differences
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Author : Linda Andrea Bailey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Three Essays On Causes Of Skill Racial And Ethnic Labor Market Differences written by Linda Andrea Bailey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with African Americans categories.
Three Essays On Race And Human Capital
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Author : Daniel M. Kreisman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Three Essays On Race And Human Capital written by Daniel M. Kreisman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The following presents three essays on racial disparities in human capital investments and returns to skill over the life-cycle. The first chapter, “The Source of Black-White Inequality in Early Language Acquisition: Evidence from Early Head Start, ” addresses the source and timing of divergence in the accumulation of early childhood skills between black and white children. The second chapter, “The Effects of the Jeanes and Rosenwald Funds on Black Education by 1930: Comparing Returns on Investments in Teachers and Schools,” estimates the combined and comparative effects of two large philanthropies targeting rural black schools in the segregated South. The third chapter, “Blurring the Color Line: Wages and Employment for Black Males of Different Skin Tones,” co-authored with Marcos Rangel, tests for wage differentials within race, across skin color, utilizing a measure of skin tone placed in a prominent social survey. Taken together, these essays evaluate the role race plays in inequality above and beyond what can be explained away by racial disparities in wealth, family circumstances, prior education and other comparable measures. Each essay is written from a human capital perspective, drawing on literature in economics, public policy and education, seeking to broaden our understanding of the incongruous relationship between race and inequality in America.
Essays On Public And Labor Economics
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Author : Rene Armando Crespin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Essays On Public And Labor Economics written by Rene Armando Crespin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
This dissertation consists of three essays, each using extensive data and rigorous empirical methods to investigate key questions within the fields of public and labor economics with a focus on socioeconomic and racial/ethnic inequality. In Chapter 1, I study how the social, learning, and working conditions (school climate) experienced by students, families, and teachers is valued by stakeholders. To study this question, I investigate how publicizing school climate information is capitalized into the housing market and how it affects the sorting of homebuyers from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Using a plausibly exogenous shock of school climate information in Chicago, I employ event studies and a difference-in-differences framework. I find that providing this information publicly leads to an increase in sales price for homes assigned to schools with better climate ratings. Additionally, I find that the information shock also attracts higher income homebuyers into neighborhoods with better climate schools. These initial effects dissipate over time, as information becomes less salient. The effects are consistent across different types of schools and neighborhoods. I find evidence that homebuyers value this dimension of school quality that has been understudied in the revealed preferences literature. In Chapter 2, I investigate how changing the odds of admissions to elite K-12 exam schools affects families' residential decisions. To do this, I leverage a natural experiment created by Chicago's place-based affirmative action policy, where neighborhoods across the city can experience exam school admissions benefits from year to year. I conduct difference-in-differences and event study analyses to compare changes in the outcomes of neighborhoods with varying odds of admissions shocks, before and after these shocks are revealed and implemented each application year. My findings offer evidence that families are willing to pay and, hence, strategize the place-based affirmative action admissions policy in Chicago. Therefore, under this current system, families are able to pay for better odds of admissions to elite exam schools. Furthermore, higher income and white families react more to these admissions benefits, which is the opposite of race- and place-based admissions policies' intentions to prioritize non-white and low-income students, respectively. In Chapter 3, I explore how local immigration enforcement policies can have demographic and economic impacts on local communities through effects on potential homebuyers' willingness to purchase homes. Using an event study and triple-difference framework, I find evidence that implementing local 287(g) partnerships led to large and statistically significant declines in the number of home loan applications by Latino applicants compared to non-Latino applicants. I find that the most intrusive enforcement model (Task Force) had the strongest detrimental effects of all the 287(g) models. Additionally, I demonstrate that studies that use the sample of counties that apply for and are rejected or accepted by ICE into 287(g) partnerships must be cautious and account for strong differences in trends between these counties.
Three Essays On Health Economics
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Author : Mojisola O. A. Tayo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Three Essays On Health Economics written by Mojisola O. A. Tayo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Medical economics categories.
This dissertation consists of three essays examining topics in health economics. The first essay examines the impact of education on 10-year mortality rates of minorities in the United States. I use the states' compulsory education laws to instrument the level of education in my cohort study of the effect of education on the mortality rates of minority groups (Blacks, Asians and Hispanics) born in the early twentieth century. I find that an increase in years of education significantly decreases the mortality rates for the White and Black populations, but not for the Asian and Hispanic populations. The second essay explores the effect of education on adult self-reported health (SRH), health behaviors (smoking, seatbelt use, and exercise), and health outcomes (body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and heart attack) by race and ethnicity using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data from 2001-2011. I find racial and ethnic disparities in the education gradient on SRH that remain significant after controlling for income and other economic factors. I explore the pathway through which education influences health using three different econometric methods to estimate a causal effect. I find that education directly affects health behaviors and that health behaviors directly affect health outcomes including SRH, leading to an indirect impact of education on SRH. My third essay is written in collaboration with my adviser, Dr. Virginia Wilcox-Gok. We use the National Comorbidity Survey Baseline (NCS-1) dataset from 1990-1992 and O*NET (Occupational Information Network) to explore whether individuals diagnosed with depression before age 22 self-select as adults into occupations that accommodate their depressive disorders. Depressive disorder is a health problem that can start very early on in life, so it often limits educational attainment and adult earning. It is also a disorder that can be helped if diagnosed early. Because individuals with chronic depression may need more flexibility and less stress in the workplace to cope with their disorder, their adult occupational choice may depend on how accommodating the occupation's characteristics are to this disorder. We find that women with early-onset depressive disorder are more likely to be employed full time than men, while both men and women are likely to choose self-employment. Men with more frequent depressive episodes are less likely than women to choose occupations requiring higher levels of education, experience, and training. In contrast, women with early onset depressive disorder are more likely than men to take jobs in the service sector.
Three Essays On Wealth And Racial Inequality
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Author : Stephan Lefebvre
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Three Essays On Wealth And Racial Inequality written by Stephan Lefebvre and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Race discrimination categories.
Racial inequality and wealth are inextricably linked. Wealth gaps are an important dimension of racial inequality. In addition, wealth itself plays a causal role in other dimensions of inequality, including unequal labor market and education outcomes. In the first essay, I estimate the effect of access to extended family wealth on college enrollment and I find a positive relationship. This is important for higher education policies that aim to reduce inequality but fail to account for race and wealth. In the second essay, I estimate the effect of Medicaid on individual assets. Whereas economic theory in the literature predicts a negative effect, I develop a framework that shows how public insurance can increase savings and I present empirical evidence against a negative effect. Finally, the third essay develops an analytical framework called Latinx stratification economics by reviewing the main economic theories applied to Latinxs and demonstrating how stratification economics and Latinx studies may be used to critique the dominant theories.
Three Essays In The Economics Of Education
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Author : Md Ohiul Islam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Three Essays In The Economics Of Education written by Md Ohiul Islam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Education categories.
This dissertation explores three distinct topics in the economics of education. These topics explore the relationship between factors such as race, gender, national origin, and educational and labor market outcomes. Educational attainment in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) areas receives a major focus in this dissertation; a college-level specialization in STEM areas generally leads to high incomeyielding career tracks. Below I briefly explain the research objectives and findings of each chapter. The first chapter focuses on the impact of teacher-student demographic mismatch on student success in classrooms at the high school level. When students, particularly those of disadvantaged backgrounds, are assigned to teachers with different racial and/or gender identities, they may become subject to the “Golem effect”; lower expectations and biases the teachers may have. In this paper, using restricted-access data from the High School Longitudinal Survey of 2009 (HSLS:09), I investigate whether demographic mismatch between teachers and students in high schools has a negative impact on achievement. I find consistent evidence that having a different-sex teacher is disadvantageous for students of all racial backgrounds. Having a different-sex and different-race teacher is associated with achievement loss, especially for Black female students. The second chapter focuses on the impact of parental occupation in STEM fields on the child’s selection of a STEM major at the post-secondary level. For empirical analysis, I use data from HSLS:09 again. The economic literature suggests that parental occupational identities can influence children’s selection into different fields of major through different channels. Parents may provide positive feedback on children’s educational decisions at multiple stages throughout the children’s school life. I find that having at least one parent in the fields of computer science and engineering positively impacts the child’s selection into college majors in computer science, IT, and Engineering. Moreover, I find that in two-parent households, both the mother’s and father’s occupations in STEM positively impact the child’s selection into STEM college major sections. The third chapter examines the historical positive wage gap between U.S. natives and international college graduates in STEM and non-STEM fields participating in the U.S. labor force. I show that between 1993 and 2019, in STEM occupations, naturalized citizens and permanent residents earned on average higher than U.S. natives; temporary workers consistently earned less on average than U.S. natives, and permanent residents consistently earned more on average than temporary workers. The evidence shows that the wage gap is not just due to differences in factors such as primary activities on the job, highest degree attained, and working in STEM fields, but also because of “unexplained” factors; one of them could be the labor market laws restricting the entry of foreign-born workers into the U.S. labor market. In a panel data analysis, I find that the effect of naturalization and gaining permanent residency, both are positive on ln(wage).
Unequal Treatment
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-02-06
Unequal Treatment written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-06 with Medical categories.
Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.
Race Culture And Equality
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Hoover Press
Release Date :
Race Culture And Equality written by and has been published by Hoover Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Features "Race, Culture, and Equality, " an essay written by Thomas Sowell and presented online by the Hoover Institution based at Stanford University. The essay discusses the economic and social impacts of cultural differences among peoples and nations around the world.
Three Essays On The Economics Of Innovation
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Author : Harun Bulut
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Three Essays On The Economics Of Innovation written by Harun Bulut and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
We have identified three specific problems in the economics of innovation and addressed each of them in separate essays in this thesis. Essay 1 revisits the problem of inefficient diversification efforts of firms in a R & D race setting (Dasgupta and Maskin, 1987)1 by taking into account the fact that firms have the option of trade secrecy in addition to patents in protecting their inventions. This essay is theoretical in nature as we use a game-theoretic modeling of firms' project and IP choices in a R & D race. We find that the availability of multiple IPR protection instruments can move the paths chosen by firms engaged in a R & D race towards the social optimum. Essay 2 refers to the adoption and diffusion stages of the innovation process as we look at the economic effects of the introduction of Genetically Modified (GM) food in the European Union (EU) agricultural and food system. We develop a partial equilibrium modeling of European agro food sector and calibrate the model's parameters by using the EU data in year 2000. We find that the introduction of GM food is reducing overall welfare but the producers of quality-enhanced products become better off, a result that is robust to variations in the values of critical parameters. Essay 3 empirically studies a basic, yet somewhat unexplored, question of whether U.S. universities in expectation, are earning economic rent (profit) from licensing activities. The data include 148 observations from U.S. universities over the five years time period 1998 to 2002 and are mostly from AUTM (Association of the University Technology Managers) surveys and various other sources. Based on a structural econometric model of licensing rents of U.S. universities, we obtain the "marginal rate of return" from research dollars as nearly 1 % and identify the key determinants of license rent generation as the quality of faculty (which is measured by the citations received in technology departments), together with the size of the university in terms of total research expenditures.