Unsettled Topics Concerning Autonomous Public Transportation Systems

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Unsettled Topics Concerning Autonomous Public Transportation Systems

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Author : Rahul Razdan
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2020-10-30

Unsettled Topics Concerning Autonomous Public Transportation Systems written by Rahul Razdan and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.

With billions of dollars of investment and events like DARPA’s Grand Challenges automated driving technology has been making its way toward commercialization. While the enabling technology for SAE Level 4 and 5 automated vehicles (AV) has not yet matured, specific restricted-use models such as “robo-taxis” and automated truck convoying show great promise. Now, cities are across the world are looking to AVs to solve their public transportation issues. With low speeds and fixed route, public transportation is an ideal application for AVs. From a business angle, AVs could leverage existing public transport models and infrastructure while providing superior quality of service for disadvantaged communities. Yet, dense urban environments—which would benefit from automated transportation the most—present unique challenges and public sector requirements. This SAE EDGE™ Research Report by Dr. Rahul Razdan examines the divergent applications and experiences of four urban cities as they engage with AV technology for their specific purposes: Jacksonville and Orlando, Florida; Tallinn; and Singapore. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2020020

Unsettled Issues Regarding Autonomous Vehicles And Open Source Software

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Author : Rahul Razdan
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2021-04-21

Unsettled Issues Regarding Autonomous Vehicles And Open Source Software written by Rahul Razdan and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.

As automobiles morph from stand-alone mechanical objects to highly connected, autonomous systems with increasing amounts of electronic components. To manage these complex systems, some semblance of in-car decision-making is also being built and networked to a cloud architecture. This cloud can also enable even deeper capabilities within the broader automotive ecosystem. Unsettled Issues Regarding Autonomous Vehicles and Open-source Software introduces the impact of software in advanced automotive applications, the role of open-source communities in accelerating innovation, and the important topic of safety and cybersecurity. As electronic functionality is captured in software and a bigger percentage of that software is open-source code, some critical challenges arise concerning security and validation. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021009

Unsettled Topics Concerning Automated Driving Systems And The Transportation Ecosystem

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Author : Rahul Razdan
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2019-11-05

Unsettled Topics Concerning Automated Driving Systems And The Transportation Ecosystem written by Rahul Razdan and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Over the last 100 years, the automobile has become integrated in a fundamental way into the broader economy. A broad and deep ecosystem has emerged, and critical components of this ecosystem include insurance, after-market services, automobile retail sales, automobile lending, energy suppliers (e.g., gas stations), medical services, advertising, lawyers, banking, public planners, and law enforcement. These components - which together represent almost $2 trillion of the U.S. economy - are in equilibrium based on the current capabilities of automotive technology. However, the advent of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and technologies like electrification have the potential to significantly disrupt the automotive ecosystem. The critical cog governing the rate and pace of this shift is the management of the test and verification of AVs. In this SAE EDGE™ report, six senior industry leaders in the impacted ecosystems essay articles which describe sectors of the current automotive ecosystem and the manner in which AV technology can potentially reshape them - providing a mosaic of the massive infrastructure shifts which will be required to absorb AV technologies. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the issues they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2019005

Unsettled Issues Concerning Automated Driving Services In The Smart City Infrastructure

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Author : Serge Lambermont
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2021-12-15

Unsettled Issues Concerning Automated Driving Services In The Smart City Infrastructure written by Serge Lambermont and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Information and communication technology is fundamentally changing the way we live and operate in cities, such as instant access to events, transportation, bookings, payments, and other services. At the same time, three “megatrends” in the automotive industry—self-driving, electrification, and advanced manufacturing technology—are enabling the design of innovative, application-specific vehicles that capitalize on city connectivity. Applications could countless; however, they also need to be safe and securely integrated into a city’s physical and digital infrastructure, and into the overall urban ecosystem. Unsettled Issues Concerning Automated Driving Services in the Smart City Infrastructure examines the current state of the industry, the developments in automated driving and robotics, and how these new urban, self-driving city applications are different. It also analyzes higher level challenges for urban applications. Ultimately, this report includes several options for sharing lessons learned among different cities and their stakeholders. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021030

Unsettled Topics Concerning Human And Autonomous Vehicle Interaction

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Author : Rahul Razdan
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2020-12-18

Unsettled Topics Concerning Human And Autonomous Vehicle Interaction written by Rahul Razdan and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This report examines the current interaction points between humans and autonomous systems, with a particular focus on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), the requirements for human-machine interfaces as imposed by human perception, and finally, the progress being made to close the gap. Autonomous technology has the potential to benefit personal transportation, last-mile delivery, logistics, and many other mobility applications enormously. In many of these applications, the mobility infrastructure is a shared resource in which all the players must cooperate. In fact, the driving task has been described as a “tango” where we—as humans—cooperate naturally to enable a robust transportation system. Can autonomous systems participate in this tango? Does that even make sense? And if so, how do we make it happen? Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2020025

Unsettled Topics Concerning The Field Testing Of Automated Driving Systems

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Author : Bob McQueen
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2019-12-19

Unsettled Topics Concerning The Field Testing Of Automated Driving Systems written by Bob McQueen and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Automated driving systems (ADS) have the potential to revolutionize transportation. Through the automation of driver functions in the application of advanced technology within the vehicle, significant improvements can be made to safety, efficiency, user experience, and the preservation of the environment. According to the US Department of Transportation [1], there are more than 1,400 cars, trucks, buses, and other vehicles being tested by more than 80 companies across the USA. Implementation of ADS technology is well advanced, with many sites across the USA incorporating automated vehicles (AVs) into wider programs to apply advanced technology to transportation. Discussions with the public sector’s implementing agencies suggest that one of the barriers to faster progress lies in the lack of consistent and standardized field-testing protocols. This report looks at the state of the art of field testing for ADS and identifies areas for improved consistency and standardization. It will define the problem to be addressed by AVs and the challenges associated with the introduction of such vehicles and open-road situations. In particular, the report will look at the possibilities for big data and analytics to enable the sharing of lessons learned and convergence on standard field-testing approaches. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the issues they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2019009

Unsettled Issues Regarding Policy Aspects Of Automated Driving Systems

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Author : Bob McQueen
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2020-08-31

Unsettled Issues Regarding Policy Aspects Of Automated Driving Systems written by Bob McQueen and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Automated driving systems (ADS) represent an area of considerable investment and activity within the transportation sphere. The potential impact of ADS on safety, efficiency, and user experience are extremely significant. To get the most from the technology, it is important to ensure that policies are developed to support the balance between achieving public sector objectives and supporting private sector innovation. This SAE EDGE™ Research Report explores the policy aspects related to ADS technology, explains the key stakeholders, identifies unsettled issues, and proposes a number of steps to move forward and improve the current situation. It is hoped that the report will provide a valuable resource to those involved in the definition of ADS policy from both public and private perspectives. It is also intended to serve as a resource for those involved in ADS planning and development and public sector staff involved in other aspects beyond ADS policy. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2020016

Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection By Lidar In Autonomous Vehicles

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Author : Cristina Porcel Magnusson
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2021-01-18

Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection By Lidar In Autonomous Vehicles written by Cristina Porcel Magnusson and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) utilize multiple devices, like high-resolution cameras and radar sensors, to interpret the driving environment and achieve full autonomy. One of these instruments—the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor—functions like radar, but utilizes pulsed infrared (IR) light, typically at wavelengths of 905 nm or 1,550 nm. The LiDAR sensor receives the reflected light from objects and calculates each object’s distance and position. In current vehicles, the exterior automotive paint system covers an area larger than any other exterior material. Therefore, understanding how LiDAR wavelengths interact with other vehicles’ coatings is extremely important for the safety of future automated driving technologies. Some coatings are more easily detected by LiDAR than others. In general, dark colors can absorb as much as 95% of the incident LiDAR intensity, reducing the amount of signal reflected toward the sensor. White cars are more easily detected as they exhibit high IR reflectivity. Many other factors like gloss level, effect pigments, and refinishes can affect reflectivity and even blind LiDAR sensors. On the other hand, several variables define overall LiDAR and perception system performance, including IR reflectivity of paint but also the target object’s geometry, the type of LiDAR technology employed, angle of the target surface, environmental conditions, and sensor fusion software architecture. Sensing Technologies and Materials are two different industries that have not directly interacted in the perception and system sense. With the new applications in the AV industry, approaches need to be taken in a multidisciplinary way to ensure a reliable and safe technology for the future. This report provides a transversal view of the different industry segments from pigment and coating manufacturers to LiDAR component and vehicle system development and integration, and a structured decomposition of the different variables and technologies involved. NOTE: SAE EDGE Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021002

Unsettled Issues Concerning Urban Air Mobility Infrastructure

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Author : Bob McQueen
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2021-11-15

Unsettled Issues Concerning Urban Air Mobility Infrastructure written by Bob McQueen and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Urban air mobility (UAM) refers to urban transportation systems that move people by air. UAM offers the potential for reducing traffic congestion in cities and providing an integrated approach to urban mobility. With the emergence of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, drone technology, and the possibility of automated aircraft, interest in this topic has grown considerably for private sector solution providers—including aerospace and technology companies—as well as urban planners and transportation professionals. Unsettled Issues Concerning Urban Air Mobility Infrastructure discusses the infrastructure requirements to effectively integrate UAM services into the overarching urban transportation system to enable multimodal trips and complete origin to destination travel. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021025

Product Assurance In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence

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Author : Rahul Razdan
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2025-05-22

Product Assurance In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence written by Rahul Razdan and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-05-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Driven by the vast consumer marketplace, the electronics megatrend has reshaped nearly every sector of society. The advancements in semiconductors and software, originally built to serve consumer demand, are now delivering significant value to non-consumer industries. Today, electronics are making inroads into traditionally conservative, safety-critical sectors such as automotive and aerospace. In doing so, electronics?now further propelled by artificial intelligence?are disrupting the functional safety architectures of these cyber-physical systems. Electronics have created the world of cyber-physical systems, raising broader concerns about the broader category of product assurance.Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence continues the work of previous SAE Edge Research Reports in examining open research challenges arising from this shift, particularly in automotive systems, as core electronic technologies (e.g., the combination of software and communications) have even redefined what it means to be a "product." 9781468609592 9781468609608 https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2025011