Development Of Hfo2 Based Ferroelectric Memories For Future Cmos Technology Nodes
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Development Of Hfo2 Based Ferroelectric Memories For Future Cmos Technology Nodes
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Author : Stefan Ferdinand Müller
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-04-08
Development Of Hfo2 Based Ferroelectric Memories For Future Cmos Technology Nodes written by Stefan Ferdinand Müller and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This thesis evaluates the viability of ferroelectric Si:HfO2 and its derived FeFET application for non-volatile data storage. At the beginning, the ferroelectric effect is explained briefly such that the applications that make use of it can be understood. Afterwards, the latest findings on ferroelectric HfO2 are reviewed and their potential impact on future applications is discussed. Experimental data is presented afterwards focusing on the ferroelectric material characteristics of Si:HfO2 that are most relevant for memory applications. Besides others, the stability of the ferroelectric switching effect could be demonstrated in a temperature range of almost 400 K. Moreover, nanosecond switching speed and endurance in the range of 1 million to 10 billion cycles could be proven. Retention and imprint characteristics have furthermore been analyzed and are shown to be stable for 1000 hours bake time at 125 oC. Derived from the ferroelectric effect in HfO2, a 28 nm FeFET memory cell is introduced as the central application of this thesis. Based on numerical simulations, the memory concept is explained and possible routes towards an optimized FeFET cell are discussed. Subsequently, the results from electrical characterization of FeFET multi-structures are presented and discussed. By using Si:HfO2 it was possible to realize the world's first 28 nm FeFET devices possessing i.a. 10k cycling endurance and an extrapolated 10 year data retention at room temperature. The next step towards a FeFET memory is represented by connecting several memory cells into matrix-type configurations. A cell concept study illustrates the different ways in which FeFET cells can be combined together to give high density memory arrays. For the proposed architectures, operational schemes are theoretically discussed and analyzed by both electrical characterization of FeFET multi-structures and numerical simulations. The thesis concludes with the electrical characterization of small FeFET memory arrays. First results show that a separation between memory states can be achieved by applying poling and incremental step pulse programming (ISPP) sequences. These results represent an important cornerstone for future studies on Si:HfO2 and its related applications.
Development And Investigation Of Novel Logic In Memory And Nonvolatile Logic Circuits Utilizing Hafnium Oxide Based Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors
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Author : Evelyn Tina Breyer
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-02-08
Development And Investigation Of Novel Logic In Memory And Nonvolatile Logic Circuits Utilizing Hafnium Oxide Based Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors written by Evelyn Tina Breyer and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Not only conventional computer architectures, such as the von-Neumann architecture with its inevitable von-Neumann bottleneck, but likewise the emerging field of edge computing require to substantially decrease the spatial separation of logic and memory units to overcome power and latency shortages. The integration of logic operations into memory units (Logic-in-Memory), as well as memory elements into logic circuits (Nonvolatile Logic), promises to fulfill this request by combining high-speed with low-power operation. Ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) based on hafnium oxide prove to be auspicious candidates for the memory elements in applications of that kind, as those nonvolatile memory elements are CMOS-compatible and likewise scalable. This work presents implementations that merge logic and memory by exploiting the natural capability of the FeFET to combine logic functionality (transistor) and memory ability (nonvolatility).
Gate Stack Engineering For Emerging Polarization Based Non Volatile Memories
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Author : Milan Pesic
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-07-14
Gate Stack Engineering For Emerging Polarization Based Non Volatile Memories written by Milan Pesic and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The hafnium based ferroelectric memories offer a low power consumption, ultra-fast operation, non-volatile retention as well as the small relative cell size as the main requirements for future memories. These remarkable properties of ferroelectric memories make them promising candidates for non-volatile memories that would bridge the speed gap between fast logic and slow off-chip, long term storage. Even though the retention of hafnia based ferroelectric memories can be extrapolated to a ten-year specification target, they suffer from a rather limited endurance. Therefore, this work targets relating the field cycling behavior of hafnia based ferroelectric memories to the physical mechanisms taking place within the film stack. Establishing a correlation between the performance of the device and underlying physical mechanisms is the first step toward understanding the device and engineering guidelines for novel, superior devices. In the frame of this work, an in-depth ferroelectric and dielectric characterization, analysis and TEM study was combined with comprehensive modeling approach. Drift and diffusion based vacancy redistribution was found as the main cause for the phase transformation and consequent increase of the remnant polarization, while domain pinning and defect generation is identified to be responsible for the device fatigue. Finally, based on Landau theory, a simple way to utilize the high endurance strength of anti-ferroelectric (AFE) materials and achieve non-volatility in state-of-the-art DRAM stacks was proposed and the fabrication of the world's first non-volatile AFE-RAM is reported. These findings represent an important milestone and pave the way toward a commercialization of (anti)ferroelectric non-volatile memories based on simple binary-oxides.
Formation Of Ferroelectricity In Hafnium Oxide Based Thin Films
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Author : Tony Schenk
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-03-15
Formation Of Ferroelectricity In Hafnium Oxide Based Thin Films written by Tony Schenk and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In 2011, Böscke et al. reported the unexpected discovery of ferroelectric properties in hafnia based thin films, which has since initiated many further studies and revitalized research on the topic of ferroelectric memories. In spite of many efforts, the unveiling of the fundamentals behind this surprising discovery has proven rather challenging. In this work, the originally claimed Pca21 phase is experimentally proven to be the root of the ferroelectric properties and the nature of this ferroelectricity is classified in the frame of existing concepts of ferroelectric materials. Parameters to stabilize this polar phase are examined from a theoretical and fabrication point of view. With these very basic questions addressed, the application relevant electric field cycling behavior is studied. The results of first-order reversal curves, impedance spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy significantly advance the understanding of structural mechanisms underlying wake-up, fatigue and the novel phenomenon of split-up/merging of transient current peaks. The impact of field cycling behavior on applications like ferroelectric memories is highlighted and routes to optimize it are derived. These findings help to pave the road for a successful commercialization of hafnia based ferroelectrics.
Ferroelectricity In Doped Hafnium Oxide
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Author : Uwe Schroeder
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2019-03-27
Ferroelectricity In Doped Hafnium Oxide written by Uwe Schroeder and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Ferroelectricity in Doped Hafnium Oxide: Materials, Properties and Devices covers all aspects relating to the structural and electrical properties of HfO2 and its implementation into semiconductor devices, including a comparison to standard ferroelectric materials. The ferroelectric and field-induced ferroelectric properties of HfO2-based films are considered promising for various applications, including non-volatile memories, negative capacitance field-effect-transistors, energy storage, harvesting, and solid-state cooling. Fundamentals of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, HfO2 processes, and the impact of dopants on ferroelectric properties are also extensively discussed in the book, along with phase transition, switching kinetics, epitaxial growth, thickness scaling, and more. Additional chapters consider the modeling of ferroelectric phase transformation, structural characterization, and the differences and similarities between HFO2 and standard ferroelectric materials. Finally, HfO2 based devices are summarized. Explores all aspects of the structural and electrical properties of HfO2, including processes, modelling and implementation into semiconductor devices Considers potential applications including FeCaps, FeFETs, NCFETs, FTJs and more Provides comparison of an emerging ferroelectric material to conventional ferroelectric materials with insights to the problems of downscaling that conventional ferroelectrics face
Ferroelectric Memories
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Author : James F. Scott
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Ferroelectric Memories written by James F. Scott and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This is the first comprehensive book on ferroelectric memories which contains chapters on device design, processing, testing, and device physics, as well as on breakdown, leakage currents, switching mechanisms, and fatigue. State-of-the-art device designs are included and illustrated among the books many figures. More than 500 up-to-date references and 76 problems make it useful as a research reference for physicists, engineers and students.
Ferroelectrics
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Author : Mickaël Lallart
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2011-08-23
Ferroelectrics written by Mickaël Lallart and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-23 with Science categories.
Ferroelectric materials have been and still are widely used in many applications, that have moved from sonar towards breakthrough technologies such as memories or optical devices. This book is a part of a four volume collection (covering material aspects, physical effects, characterization and modeling, and applications) and focuses on the application of ferroelectric devices to innovative systems. In particular, the use of these materials as varying capacitors, gyroscope, acoustics sensors and actuators, microgenerators and memory devices will be exposed, providing an up-to-date review of recent scientific findings and recent advances in the field of ferroelectric devices.
Atomic Layer Deposition For Semiconductors
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Author : Cheol Seong Hwang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-18
Atomic Layer Deposition For Semiconductors written by Cheol Seong Hwang and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-18 with Science categories.
Offering thorough coverage of atomic layer deposition (ALD), this book moves from basic chemistry of ALD and modeling of processes to examine ALD in memory, logic devices and machines. Reviews history, operating principles and ALD processes for each device.
Resistive Switching
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Author : Daniele Ielmini
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-12-23
Resistive Switching written by Daniele Ielmini and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
With its comprehensive coverage, this reference introduces readers to the wide topic of resistance switching, providing the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand, characterize and apply resistive switching memories. Starting with those materials that display resistive switching behavior, the book explains the basics of resistive switching as well as switching mechanisms and models. An in-depth discussion of memory reliability is followed by chapters on memory cell structures and architectures, while a section on logic gates rounds off the text. An invaluable self-contained book for materials scientists, electrical engineers and physicists dealing with memory research and development.
Ferroelectric Gate Field Effect Transistor Memories
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Author : Byung-Eun Park
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-03-23
Ferroelectric Gate Field Effect Transistor Memories written by Byung-Eun Park and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides comprehensive coverage of the materials characteristics, process technologies, and device operations for memory field-effect transistors employing inorganic or organic ferroelectric thin films. This transistor-type ferroelectric memory has interesting fundamental device physics and potentially large industrial impact. Among various applications of ferroelectric thin films, the development of nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) has been most actively progressed since the late 1980s and reached modest mass production for specific application since 1995. There are two types of memory cells in ferroelectric nonvolatile memories. One is the capacitor-type FeRAM and the other is the field-effect transistor (FET)-type FeRAM. Although the FET-type FeRAM claims the ultimate scalability and nondestructive readout characteristics, the capacitor-type FeRAMs have been the main interest for the major semiconductor memory companies, because the ferroelectric FET has fatal handicaps of cross-talk for random accessibility and short retention time. This book aims to provide the readers with development history, technical issues, fabrication methodologies, and promising applications of FET-type ferroelectric memory devices, presenting a comprehensive review of past, present, and future technologies. The topics discussed will lead to further advances in large-area electronics implemented on glass, plastic or paper substrates as well as in conventional Si electronics. The book is composed of chapters written by leading researchers in ferroelectric materials and related device technologies, including oxide and organic ferroelectric thin films.