Management Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Management Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Management Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Chpater 1. Management Core Concepts & Functions: Management – Concept, Process, Theories and Approaches, Management Roles and Skills; Functions – Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Coordinating and Controlling. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 2. Communication, Decision Making & Organizational Design: Communication – Types, Process and Barriers; Decision Making – Concept, Process, Techniques and Tools; Organisation Structure and Design – Types, Authority, Responsibility, Centralisation, Decentralisation and Span of Control. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 3. Managerial Economics & Market Analysis: Managerial Economics – Concept & Importance; Demand analysis – Utility Analysis, Indifference Curve, Elasticity & Forecasting; Market Structures – Market Classification & Price Determination. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 4. Macroeconomic Indicators & Business Ethics: National Income – Concept, Types and Measurement; Inflation – Concept, Types and Measurement; Business Ethics & CSR, Ethical Issues & Dilemma; Corporate Governance, Value Based Organisation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 5. Organisational Behaviour & Individual Dynamics: Organisational Behaviour – Significance & Theories; Individual Behaviour – Personality, Perception, Values, Attitude, Learning and Motivation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 6. Group Behaviour, Interpersonal Skills & Organizational Culture: Group Behaviour – Team Building, Leadership, Group Dynamics; Interpersonal Behaviour & Transactional Analysis; Organizational Culture & Climate. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 7. Workforce Diversity, Stress Management & HRM Introduction: Work Force Diversity & Cross Culture Organisational Behaviour; Emotions and Stress Management; Organisational Justice and Whistle Blowing; Human Resource Management – Concept, Perspectives, Influences and Recent Trends. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 8. HR Planning, Talent Acquisition & Development: Human Resource Planning, Recruitment and Selection, Induction, Training and Development; Job Analysis, Job Evaluation and Compensation Management. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 9. Strategic HRM, Performance & Career Development: Strategic Role of Human Resource Management; Competency Mapping & Balanced Scoreboard; Career Planning and Development; Performance Management and Appraisal. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 10. Organization Development, Talent Management & Employee Engagement: Organization Development, Change & OD Interventions; Talent Management & Skill Development; Employee Engagement & Work Life Balance. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 11. Industrial Relations, Labour Welfare & Global HRM: Industrial Relations: Disputes & Grievance Management, Labour Welfare and Social Security; Trade Union & Collective Bargaining; International Human Resource Management – HR Challenge of International Business; Green HRM. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 12. Accounting Fundamentals & Financial Statement Preparation: Accounting Principles and Standards, Preparation of Financial Statements. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 13. Financial Statement Analysis & Costing Techniques: Financial Statement Analysis – Ratio Analysis, Funds Flow and Cash Flow Analysis, DuPont Analysis; Preparation of Cost Sheet, Marginal Costing, Cost Volume Profit Analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 14. Advanced Costing & Financial Management Introduction: Standard Costing & Variance Analysis; Financial Management, Concept & Functions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 15. Capital Structure, Cost of Capital & Budgeting: Capital Structure – Theories, Cost of Capital, Sources and Finance; Budgeting and Budgetary Control, Types and Process, Zero base Budgeting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 16. Leverage Analysis & Investment Valuation: Leverages – Operating, Financial and Combined Leverages, EBIT–EPS Analysis, Financial Breakeven Point & Indifference Level; Value & Returns – Time Preference for Money, Valuation of Bonds and Shares, Risk and Returns. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 17. Capital Budgeting & Dividend Decisions: Capital Budgeting – Nature of Investment, Evaluation, Comparison of Methods; Risk and Uncertainly Analysis; Dividend – Theories and Determination. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 18. Mergers, Acquisitions & Portfolio Management: Mergers and Acquisition – Corporate Restructuring, Value Creation, Merger Negotiations, Leveraged Buyouts, Takeover; Portfolio Management – CAPM, APT. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 19. Derivatives & Working Capital Management: Derivatives – Options, Option Payoffs, Option Pricing, Forward Contracts & Future Contracts; Working Capital Management – Determinants, Cash, Inventory, Receivables and Payables Management, Factoring. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 20. International Finance & Strategic Management Introduction: International Financial Management, Foreign exchange market; Strategic Management – Concept, Process, Decision & Types. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 21. Strategic Analysis (External & Internal): Strategic Analysis – External Analysis, PEST, Porter’s Approach to industry analysis, Internal Analysis – Resource Based Approach, Value Chain Analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 22. Strategy Formulation & Business Portfolio Models: Strategy Formulation – SWOT Analysis, Corporate Strategy – Growth, Stability, Retrenchment, Integration and Diversification, Business Portfolio Analysis - BCG, GE Business Model, Ansoff’s Product Market Growth Matrix. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 23. Strategy Implementation & Marketing Fundamentals: Strategy Implementation – Challenges of Change, Developing Programs Mckinsey 7s Framework; Marketing – Concept, Orientation, Trends and Tasks, Customer Value and Satisfaction. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 24. Market Segmentation, Targeting, Product & Pricing Decisions: Market Segmentation, Positioning and Targeting; Product and Pricing Decision – Product Mix, Product Life Cycle, New Product development, Pricing – Types and Strategies. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 25. Place (Distribution) & Promotion Decisions: Place and promotion decision – Marketing channels and value networks, VMS, IMC, Advertising and Sales promotion. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 26. Consumer Behaviour & Brand Management: Consumer and Industrial Buying Behaviour: Theories and Models of Consumer Behaviour; Brand Management – Role of Brands, Brand Equity, Equity Models, Developing a Branding Strategy; Brand Name Decisions, Brand Extensions and Loyalty. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 27. Logistics, Supply Chain & Sales Force Management: Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Drivers, Value creation, Supply Chain Design, Designing and Managing Sales Force, Personal Selling. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 28. Service Marketing & Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Service Marketing – Managing Service Quality and Brands, Marketing Strategies of Service Firms; Customer Relationship Marketing – Relationship Building, Strategies, Values and Process. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 29. Retail Marketing & Emerging Marketing Concepts: Retail Marketing – Recent Trends in India, Types of Retail Outlets; Emerging Trends in Marketing – Concept of e-Marketing, Direct Marketing, Digital Marketing and Green Marketing. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 30. International Marketing Strategies: International Marketing – Entry Mode Decisions, Planning Marketing Mix for International Markets. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 31. Statistics for Management & Data Collection: Statistics for Management: Concept, Measures Of Central Tendency and Dispersion, Probability Distribution – Binominal, Poison, Normal and Exponential; Data Collection & Questionnaire Design. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 32. Sampling Techniques & Hypothesis Testing: Sampling – Concept, Process and Techniques; Hypothesis Testing – Procedure; T, Z, F, Chi-square tests; Correlation and Regression Analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 33. Operations Management, Facility & ERP: Operations Management – Role and Scope; Facility Location and Layout – Site Selection and Analysis, Layout – Design and Process; Enterprise Resource Planning – ERP Modules, ERP implementation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 34. Scheduling, Quality Management & Operations Research Tools: Scheduling; Loading, Sequencing and Monitoring; Quality Management and Statistical Quality Control, Quality Circles, Total Quality Management – KAIZEN, Benchmarking, Six Sigma; ISO 9000 Series Standards; Operation Research – Transportation, Queuing Decision Theory, PERT / CPM. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 35. International Business, Trade Theories & FDI: International Business – Managing Business in Globalization Era; Theories of International Trade; Balance of payment; Foreign Direct Investment – Benefits and Costs. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 36. WTO, Trade Procedures & International Financial Institutions: Multilateral regulation of Trade and Investment under WTO; International Trade Procedures and Documentation; EXIM Policies; Role of International Financial Institutions – IMF and World Bank. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 37. IT in Management, AI & Big Data: Information Technology – Use of Computers in Management Applications; MIS, DSS; Artificial Intelligence and Big Data; Data Warehousing, Data Mining and Knowledge Management – Concepts; Managing Technological Change. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 38. Entrepreneurship Development & Intrapreneurship: Entrepreneurship Development – Concept, Types, Theories and Process, Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies; Intrapreneurship – Concept and Process. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 39. Specialized Entrepreneurship, Innovation & Business Planning: Women Entrepreneurship and Rural Entrepreneurship; Innovations in Business – Types of Innovations, Creating and Identifying Opportunities, Screening of Business Ideas; Business Plan and Feasibility Analysis – Concept and Process of Technical, Market and Financial Analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management) Chpater 40. Small Scale Industries (SSI) & Institutional Support: Micro and Small Scale Industries in India; Role of Government in Promoting SSI; Sickness in Small Industries – Reasons and Rehabilitation; Institutional Finance to Small Industries – Financial Institutions, Commercial Banks, Cooperative Banks, Micro Finance. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Management)
Tourism Administration And Management Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Tourism Administration And Management Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Chpater 1. Foundations & Evolution of Tourism: Definitions and Differences of Tourist, visitor, traveller, excursionist; Early and Medieval Period of Travel, Renaissance and its Effects on Tourism, the Birth of Mass Tourism, and the distinction between Old and (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 2. Tourism Forms, Characteristics & Analytical Approaches: Forms of Tourism – Inbound, Outbound, National, International; Nature, Scope and Characteristics of Tourism; the Need for Measurement of Tourism and the Interdisciplinary Approaches to its study. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 3. Tourism Systems, Models & Life Cycle Concepts: Different Tourism Systems including Leiper’s Geo-spatial Model, Mill-Morrison system, and the Mathieson & Wall model; Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC), Doxey’s Irridex Index, and the Demonstration Effect. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 4. Tourist Motivation, Industry Fundamentals & Components: Crompton’s Push and Pull Theory, Stanley Plog’s Model, and Gunn’s Model; The Meaning and Nature of Tourism Industry, its Input and Output, and the Tourism Industry Network comprising Direct, Indirect and Support Services; Basic Components of Tourism - Transport, Accommodation, Facilities & Amenities. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 5. Tourism Business Dynamics & Impacts: Horizontal and Vertical Integration in Tourism Business; Tourism Business during Liberalization & Globalizations; Tourism Impacts: Economic, Social, Cultural, and Environmental, encompassing both Positive & Negative Impacts of Tourism; Factors affecting the future of tourism business, Seasonality & tourism, the Sociology of tourism, and Travel motivators. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 6. Global & Indian Tourism Organizations & Governance: Role and functions of Important Tourism Organizations in development and promotion of Tourism including UNWTO, IATA, ICAO, UFTAA, ASTA, PATA, WTTC, IHA, TAAI, IATO, FHRAI, ITDC, ICPB, State Tourism Development Corporations, Airport Authority of India, Archeological Survey of India, and the Ministry of Tourism, Culture, Railways, Civil Aviation of Government of India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 7. Geographical Coordinates & IATA Systems in Tourism: Earth’s movement; Latitude, Longitude; Areas, Sub Areas and Sub Regions as per International Air Transport Organization (IATA), IATA Three Letter City Code, and Two Letter Airlines and Airport Code. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 8. Time Concepts & Calculations in Travel: International Date Line, Time Zones, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), Calculation of Local Time, Flying Time, Grounding Time, Elapsed Time, and Daylight Saving Time. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 9. Global Geography: Climate, Vegetation & Weather Impacts: World Geography focusing on Climate & Vegetation of North, South and Central America, Europe, Africa, Asia & Australasia; Elements of weather and climate, and the Impact of weather and climate on tourist destinations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 10. Indian Geography, Tourist Movement & Environmental Legislation: Climate and Vegetation of India; Physical Geography of India including Distribution of Rivers, Mountains, Plateaus & Plain area, Coastal area, Deccan, major lakes, and deserts; Tourists Movement encompassing Demand and origin factors, destinations and resource factors, and Contemporary trends in international tourists movements; Environment Act, Environment rules, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental Information System (EIS), Environmental Management System (EMS) & Carrying capacity; Forest Act, Forest Conservation Act, and Wild life Protection Act. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 11. Indian Tourism Products: Nature, Attractions, Heritage & Crafts: Nature and Characteristic of Tourism Products of India including Seasonality and Diversities; Tourist attraction – Concept & Classification; Heritage – Indigenous and Colonial; Handicrafts of India; Fairs and Festivals of Social & Religious importance. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 12. Performing Arts, Music, Cultural Institutions & Cuisine of India: Forms & Types of Performing Art, Classical Dances, Folk Dances of different Regions & Folk Culture; Indian Music including Different Schools, Status of Indian Vocal & Instrumental Music, and Indian Music abroad; Indian Museums, Art Galleries, Libraries & their Location; Indian cuisine - Regional variations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 13. Historical Monuments, Cultural Aspects & World Heritage in India: Historical monuments of India – Ancient temples, caves, stupas, monasteries, forts, palaces, Islamic and colonial art and architecture; Indian rituals and dresses; World heritage sites of India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 14. Religious Centers, Legendary Figures & Freedom Struggle Sites in India: Major religious centers of India – holy places connected with Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islamism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism and other religious sects; places associated with the work and life of legendry figures – Mahatma Gandhi, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Subash Chandra Bose & Sardar Vallabhai Patel; Important paces related to India’s freedom struggle. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 15. India's Protected Areas: National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries & Biosphere Reserves: Major National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere reserves of India and their Locations, Accessibility, Facilities, Amenities, including the Uniqueness of Dachigam, Corbett, Ranthambore, Hazaribag, Similipal, Bhitarkanika, Kanha, Bandhavagarh, Mudumalli, Periyar, Gir, Sunderbans, Manas, and Valley of flowers. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 16. India's Hill Stations, Himalayan Potential & Beach Resorts: Hill Stations including Locations, Accessibility, Facilities, Amenities, and Uniqueness of Gulmarg, Kullu & Manali, Shimla, Mussorie, Nainital, Panchmarahi, Mahabaleswar, Chikmangulaur, Coorg, Munnar, Ooty, Kodiakanal, Arakku, Darjeeling, Gangtok, Shillong, etc., and the Tourist potential of Himalayas; Beach Resorts of India including Locations, Accessibility, Facilities, Amenities, and Uniqueness of important Beaches of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Lakshadweep, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 17. Emerging Niche Tourism Forms in India: Emerging attractions for Medical Tourism, Ecotourism, Rural Tourism, Agri Tourism, Farm Tourism, Green Tourism, Wilderness Tourism, Film Tourism, MICE tourism, Countryside Tourism, Caravan Tourism, Adventure tourism, Golf tourism, Light house tourism, Fort tourism, Buddhist tourism, Sufi tourism, Special interest tourism, Textile tourism, Aqua based tourism, wellness and spa tourism, culinary tourism, shopping tourism, indigenous tourism, and industrial & Mining Tourism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 18. Transportation in Tourism: Evolution, Role & Global Networks: Transportation - Evolution and importance of Transportation Systems; Role of Transportation in Tourism; Major transport systems – Rail, Road, Air and Water transport; Road Transport Network in North America, South America, Europe, South Africa, Asia and the Middle-East, Austria and New Zealand; Major Railway Transport Network in the World; Modes of transportations in India – Past & Present. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 19. Air Transportation: Operations, Policies, Conventions & Systems: Licensing of air carriers; Limitations of weights and capacities; Scheduled and non-scheduled airlines services; No-frill airlines; Open sky policy; International conventions; Functions of IATA, ICAO, DGCA, AAI; GDS in air transportation; Types of air journey, MPM, TPM, Extra Mileage Allowance, One-way, Return Trip and Circle Trip Journey, Higher Intermediate Fare Check Point, Add-on and Open Jaw Fare, Excursion Fare, and Components in International Air Tickets. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 20. Airline Business, Logistics & Ancillary Air Services: Airline Business in the World, Major Air Carriers and Major Low-cost Airlines, Domestic Air Transport Business; Distribution of Sales of Airlines Tickets, Baggage and Travel Documents, Air Charter Services, Miscellaneous Charges order (MCO) - Multiple Purpose Document (MPD) - Billing and Settlement Plan. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 21. Indian Surface Transport Systems & Road Travel Documentation: Surface Transport System - Approved tourist transport, car hire companies including car rental scheme and tourist-coach companies; Documents connected with road transport viz. Regional Transport Authority, transport and insurance documents, road taxies, fitness certificate, contact carriage, state carriage, All India permits, maxi car, motor car etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 22. Global & Indian Railway Systems and Water Transport: Railway System of world, British Rail, Euro Rail, Amtrak, Orient express, Trans-Siberian railway and luxury train of the world; Indian Railways - types of tours available in Indian Rail, Indrail pass, special schemes and packages available, palace on wheels, royal orient, fairy queen and toy trains, including Planning itineraries on Indian Railways, reservation and cancellation procedures; Water Transport System - Historical past, cruise ships, ferries, hovercraft, river canal boats, Prospects and future growth of water transport in India, and Major cruise lines of the world and their packages. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 23. Travel Trade Fundamentals: Agency & Tour Operation: Historical Background of Travel Trade, Significance of Travel Agency Business, Types of Travel Agent (Full Service Agency, Commercial Agency, Implant Agency, Group / Incentive Agency), Skills and Competencies for Running Travel Agency Business, Wholesale and Retail Agents, and the Future of Travel Wholesaling & Retailing; Types of Tour Operator (Inbound, Outbound, Domestic, Ground and Specialized), and Types of Tour (Independent Tour, Escorted Tour, Hosted Tour, Incentivized Tour). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 24. Tour Operation Management & MICE Tourism Business: Tour Wholesalers and Retailers, Diversified Role of Tour Operators, Distribution Networks of Tour Operation Business, and Special Services for Charter Tour Operators; Meeting & Incentive Planners and Activities of Meeting Planners, Convention & Conference Tourism Business, and Trade Fairs & Exhibitions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 25. Establishing & Managing Travel Businesses: Operations & Technology: Essential Requirements for Starting Travel Agency & Tour Operation Business, Procedures for Obtaining Recognition, Travel Agency Organization Structure, and Sources of Revenue; Use of Information Technology in Travel Agency Business; Types of Itinerary - Resources and Steps for Itinerary Planning; Tour Costing: Tariffs, FIT & GIT; Confirmation of Tour, Creation of Docket/ File, Issue of Tour Vouchers, Reconfirmation with Airlines, Hotel & Ground Service Providers; Distributing Customized Itinerary to Tour Leader, Guide, Driver & Transporter; Standard Procedures for Pickup and Drop, Preparation of Feedback or Guest Comment Sheet, Analysis of Comments of Guest; Tour Guides & Escorts, WATA guidelines; Relation with service suppliers; Travel agency appointments; and International regulations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 26. Travel Documentation, Formalities, Cargo & Airport Procedures: Familiarization with TIM (Travel Information Manual), Passport & VISA- Meaning, Types, Procedures, Validity, Necessary Information to fill the Passport and VISA Form for Issuance; Health Certificates, Currency, Travel Insurance, Credit & Debit Card; Customs, Currency, Baggage and Airport information; Citizenship – Passport - Visa - FEMA – Foreigners Registration Act – Customs – RBI guidelines - Criminal Law - Registration of cases; Cargo handling - Baggage allowance, free access baggage, Weigh and piece concept, Accountability of lost baggage, Dangerous goods, Cargo rates ad valuation charges; Automation and airport procedures; Tour Brochures - element and importance of brochure. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 27. Hospitality Industry: Characteristics, Concepts & Accommodation Management: Distinctive characteristics of Hospitality Industry - Inflexibility, Intangibility, Perishability, fixed location, relatively large financial investment etc.; Concepts of Atithi Devo Bhavah; Hotel and the other lodging facilities; types of hotels and hotel departments; classification of hotels; chain operations; E- Hospitality; Types of accommodation; Activities in Accommodation Management – Front office – Housekeeping – Bar and Restaurant - Supporting services. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 28. Hotel Operations in India: Incentives, Regulations, Front Office & Housekeeping: Fiscal and non-fiscal incentives offered to hotel industry in India, ethical and regulatory aspects in a hotel, international hotel regulations; Duties and responsibilities of front office staff; Reservation & registration- Types of Room, Types of Bedding, Meal plans, room assignments, check-in, methods of payment, type of hotel guests; Factors affecting the price of accommodation; important functions of Housekeeping Management, liaison with other departments, room supplies, Bed making and related types of service; Housekeeping department-Hierarchy, duties & responsibilities of housekeeping staff. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 29. Food & Beverage Operations in Hospitality: Food Production Organization, Kitchen, Buffets, Beverages Operation, Functions, Outlets of F & B; Types of Meal Plans, Types of Restaurant-Menu, Room Service; Catering Services-Food Service for the Airlines, Banquette, Corporate, MICE, Retail Food Market, Business/Industrial Food Service, Healthcare Food Service, club food services; Trends in lodging and food services; Food & Beverage Department of a hotel: Hierarchy, duties & responsibilities of staff. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 30. Services Marketing in Tourism: Concepts, Planning & Quality Assurance: Concept of Goods & Services; Characteristics of Service; Salient features of Marketing Services: Services Marketing – Concept, Need & Significance, Types of Tourism Services; Tourism Marketing Environment, Strategic Planning and Marketing Process, Organizing and Implementing marketing in the Tourism Organization; Service Quality, Gap Model of Service Quality; Marketing Research; Market Segmentation - Targeting and positioning for competitive advantage; Relationship Marketing; Familiarization Trip. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 31. Tourism Marketing Mix, Strategies & Distribution: P’s of Tourism Marketing- Product, Place, Price, Promotion, Physical Evidence, People, Process & Packaging; Designing Tourism Product – Branding and Packaging, Product Development – Product Life Cycle & Its Various Stages; Pricing Strategies and Approaches; Advertising – Sales Promotion – Publicity – Personal Selling; Tourism Distribution Channels, Cooperation and conflict Management. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 32. Modern Marketing Approaches & Destination Branding in Tourism: Global Marketing, Direct Marketing, Social Media & Digital Marketing, Green Marketing; Corporate Social Responsibility, Marketing Ethics & Consumerism; Destination Image Development - Attributes of Destinations, Destination resource analysis, measurement of destination image - Destination branding perspectives and challenges- Creating the Unique Destination Proposition - Place branding and destination image - Destination image formation process; unstructured image -Product development and packaging - Institutional Support & Public Private Partnership in Destination Marketing. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 33. Tourism Planning & Policy Formulation: Tourism planning - Role of Govt. public and private sectors in formulation of tourism policy; Roles of international, national, state and local tourism organizations in carrying out tourism policies; Tourism planning for thrust areas, special tourism areas & zones identified by Ministry of Tourism, Government of India; Sustainable tourism development, Pro-poor Tourism and Community Participation; Responsible tourism; Tourism Policy - Factors influencing tourism policy; National Tourism Policy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 34. Levels of Tourism Planning, Approaches & Development Frameworks: Levels of Tourism planning - International, national, regional, state and local, the traditional, approach and PASLOP method of tourism planning; important feature of five year tourism plans in India; Elements Agents, Processes and typologies of tourism development; State tourism policies; National Planning Policies for Destination Development- WTO Guidelines for Planners - Role of urban civic bodies: Town planning -Characteristics of rural tourism planning. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 35. Economic Systems, Demand, Impacts & Monetary Policy in Tourism: Economic System and Its Impact on Tourism Development, Macro & Micro Economic System, Demand & Supply, Determinants , Measurement of Tourism Demand, Forecasting, Methods of Demand Forecasting, Inflation, Recession, Savings & Investment, Export & Import, Multiplier Effects &Its Types, Displacement Effect, Costs and Benefits of Tourism, Monetary Policy- Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio(CRR). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 36. Statistical Analysis in Tourism: Descriptive & Inferential Statistics: Statistics: Measures of central tendency- mean, median, mode; measures of dispersion- range, standard deviation, variance, etc.; skewness and kurtosis; correlation and regression- scatter plots, lines of best fit, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients; Regression- bivariate and multivariate; Distributions- discrete and continuous; Normal distribution, sampling distribution; hypothesis testing – parametric vs. non-parametric tests, t-tests, ANOVA, Chi-square tests, run Test, sign tests, Wald- Walfowitz Test, Kursal Walis Test, Komogrov- Smirnov Test. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 37. Research Methodology in Tourism: Design, Data Collection & Analysis: Research and theory, types and methods of research; review of literature; variables and measurement, concepts, constructs and formulation of hypothesis; Sampling, methods of data collection, development of schedules and questionnaires, scales and fieldwork; Qualitative research: quantitative vs. qualitative research; techniques- Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Case method of research, Content Analysis, Phenomenology, Narrative research, mixed methods; Analysis, tools- Factor analysis, discriminant analysis, conjoint analysis, multiple regression, etc.; Report writing, types of report. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 38. Management Principles & Functions in Organizations: Managerial processes, functions, skills, and roles in organization, Systems, contingency and operational approaches to management; External and internal environment affecting managerial decisions – social responsibilities of business – evolution of management thought; functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 39. Organizational Behaviour, Dynamics & Structure: Understanding & Managing Individual & Group Behaviour – Personality, Perception, Learning, Values & attitudes, persuasion, Theories of Motivation, Factors affecting group behaviour, group & individual dimensions, understanding work team, Communication, Leadership & influence process; Organization structure, centralization vs decentralization, strategy & structure, flat & tall structures, work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control and formalization; Common organizational designs - Simple, bureaucratic, matrix, virtual, boundary less, feminine – Organization as an open system & influence of environment over organizational dynamics with reference to technological innovations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management) Chpater 40. Financial Accounting, Management & Legal Framework in Tourism: Basic Accounting Records and Books of Accounts, Double Entry System, Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance, Cash Book, Depreciation Accounting, Final Accounts with Adjustments; Hotel Accounting, Financial management, Concept of raising funds, capital structure, capital budgeting, Internal financial control- meaning, problems unique to hospitality industry, Establishing cost standard, Types of budget, preparation of budget, and zero based budgeting, working capital Management, cash management; Opportunities and challenges for investments in hotel, aviation & Tourism related sectors, Role of TFCI and other financial organizations; Elements of Contract Act – Breach of Contact – Performance of Contract – Indemnity & Guarantee – Bailment - Consumer Protection Act. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tourism Administration And Management)
Disaster Management Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Disaster Management Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Chpater 1. Introduction to Disaster Management (DM): Key Terms, Definitions, Concepts (Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability, Exposure, Coping Capacity, Resilience, Conflict, Emergencies, and related terms); Disaster Cycle Phases; Applications of different concepts relat (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 2. Natural Hazards: Detailed Classification of Disaster, History of Disasters, Types of Natural Hazards (Earthquakes, Volcanism, Cyclones, Tsunamis, Floods, Droughts, Famines, Landslides, Avalanches, Glacial Lake Outburst Flood); Characteristics, Causes, and Damage Potential of different natural hazards. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 3. Human-Induced Disasters, Vulnerability, and Risk Assessment: Classification of Man-made Disasters (Socio-Technical, Technological, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Disasters); Basics of Vulnerability and Risk Assessment and Management, Concepts of Exposure, Sensitivity, and Adaptive Capacity, Analysis of Inherent and Chronic Vulnerabilities, Disaster Risk and its Associated Parameters, Disaster Risk Mitigation Measures, Early Warning Systems, and Common Alert Protocols (CAP). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 4. Disaster Management in India: Hazard and Vulnerability Profile of India; Regional Aspects of Hazard, Risk, and Vulnerability; Emerging Paradigms and Recent Developments in Disaster Management. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 5. Research - Meaning and Concepts: Definitions; Sources of Knowledge, History of Scientific Thought, Paradigm of Research; Theoretical Framework of Research; Types of Research (Social, Applied, Action, Participatory Research); Formulating Research Problem; Literature Review (Sources, Importance, Critical Literature Review, Identifying Gap Areas); Hypothesis (Different Types, Significance, Development of Working Hypothesis, Directional and Non-Directional Hypothesis); Validity & Reliability. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 6. Research Design, Data Collection, Analysis, and Methods: Research Design (Basic Principles, Need, Features of Good Design, Important Concepts); Laws and Theories; Research Approaches; Developing a Research Plan; Determining Experimental and Sample Designs; Types of Research Methods; Methods, Sources, or Tools for Data Collection; Construction of Questionnaire, Interview Schedule, and Interview Guide; Sampling (Concepts, Types, Techniques); Variables; Data Processing; Data Analysis and Statistics; Methods of Hypothesis Testing; Type of Errors; Generalization and Interpretation of Data. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 7. Ethical Considerations in Research: Ethical Issues in Research; Identifying and Avoiding Bias; Academic Integrity and Prevention of Plagiarism; Guidelines in Research; Informed Consent; Privacy Concerns. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 8. Disaster Research: Definitions and Concepts; Methodology and Methods of Transdisciplinary Research; Methods in Contemporary Disaster Research; Research Methods in Disaster and Humanitarian Settings (Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed); Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction; Approaches to Qualitative Research (Narrative, Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Autobiography, Case Study, Ethnomethodology); Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR); Research Methods for Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM), Natural and Environmental Disasters, Computational Methods, Geographical Methods; Disaster Reconnaissance; Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas in Disasters. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 9. Legal Framework Related to Disasters in India: Disaster Management Act, 2005; Other Related Acts, Policies, Plans, Programmes, and Legislations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 10. International Legal Framework Related to Disasters: Major International Legal Instruments Dealing Specifically with Disasters; Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030; Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015; Yokohama Strategy; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 11. Policies Related to Disasters and Institutional Arrangements: National Policy on Disaster Management 2009; National Disaster Management Plan 2019; State Disaster Management Plans (SDMPs); District Disaster Management Plans (DDMPs); Institutional Arrangements in DM: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA), District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 12. Disaster Financial Management: Disaster Financial Management Team Composition; Cash Flow Management, Debt Monitoring, Risk Avoidance; Disaster Assessment and Expense Reimbursement (Pertaining to Damage, Emergency Protective Measures); Project and Portfolio Management (Performing Financial Analysis, Maintaining Accurate Financial Records/Documents for Audits); Supply Chain Management; Knowledge of Procurement and Contracting Practices; Disaster Financial Management Activities; Disaster Financial Accounting Systems and Management Processes; Disaster Financial Assistance Programs; Financial Management for Humanitarian Response; Disaster Mitigation Fund and Disaster Response Fund at Central and State Levels. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 13. Disaster Challenges of Vulnerable Populations: Dimensions and Factors Affecting Vulnerabilities; Differential Vulnerability of People Based on Caste, Class, Gender, Age, Location, Disability, Religion, etc.; Disaster Challenges Due to Multiple Vulnerabilities; Cascading Vulnerabilities and Impacts; Intersectionality, Vulnerability, and Resilience. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 14. Specific Vulnerable Groups in Disasters - Gender, Children, and Elderly: Understanding Sex, Gender, and Gendered Vulnerability; Gender Differentials in Disaster Cycle, Coping Strategies, and Resilience; Gender-Inclusive and Gender-Sensitive DM Best Practices; Women, Work, and Livelihood Issues; Basic Concepts in Child-Centered DRR, Vulnerability of Children, Children in Disaster Cycle, Coping/Resilience, Child-Inclusive/Sensitive DM Best Practices; Basic Concepts of DRR for Elderly Population, Vulnerability of Elderly, Older People in Disaster Cycle, Coping/Resilience, Elderly-Inclusive/Sensitive DM Best Practices. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 15. Disability and Disasters: Basic Concepts and Terminologies (Impairment, Disability, Handicap); Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD); Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016); Types and Models of Disability; Vulnerability of Persons with Disabilities (PwD); Differential Impact of Disasters on PwD; Disability Issues in Disaster Cycle; Coping Strategies and Resilience of PwD; Disability Inclusive DRR (Approaches, Identifying PwD, VCA/Early Warning Systems, Search/Rescue/Evacuation, Shelter Management, Accessibility Guidelines, IEC Material, Rehabilitation); Disability-Sensitive DM Best Practices; Disaster/Emergency Frameworks and Disability References; Disability Frameworks and Disaster References. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 16. Development and Disasters: Sustainable Development; Impact of Development Projects (Dams, Embankments, Changes in Land-Use etc.); Vulnerability to Shanty Settlements; Vulnerability in the City, Risk in Urban Areas, Issues in Urban Planning, Initiatives for Risk Reduction in India; Disaster Resilient Infrastructure. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 17. Indian Knowledge Systems, Economic Aspects, Poverty, and Livelihoods in Disasters: Local Knowledge and Practices for DRR; Indian Knowledge about Disasters (Early Warning Systems/Indicators, Coping Strategies/Disaster Response, Distinctive Settlement Patterns, Livelihood Preferences, Sociocultural Practices/Traditions, Managing Natural Resources/Disaster Risks, Literary Sources, Global Best Practices/Lessons Learned); Identifying Natural Disasters with Potential Financial Implications, Measuring Local Government Financial Vulnerability/Capacity to Address Natural Disasters, Identifying Regional Financial Vulnerabilities, Direct/Indirect Costs, Welfare Losses/Damages, Challenges in Economic Assessments of Disaster Losses; Poverty and DRR; Livelihoods and DRR. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 18. Roles of Local Institutions in DM: Roles and Responsibilities of Community, Panchayati Raj Institutions/Urban Local Bodies (PRIs/ULBs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and Other Stakeholders in DM. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 19. Reducing Risk of Disasters in Communities: Strategies of Risk Reduction; People's Participation; Role of Civil Society and Volunteer Organizations; Activities and Roles of Community Action for DRR; Participatory Risk Assessment Methods; Culture of Safety, Prevention, Mitigation, and Preparedness. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 20. Community Risk Management: Community Assets and Social Wealth; Community Risk Mapping; Living with Risk; Policy Perspectives (Sendai Framework for DRR); Conflict Resolution through Collaboration and Consensus; Citizens Forum, Public Voices, and Public Sphere; Social Justice Challenges; Media Advocacy for DM; Building Resilience for Disaster Risk Management; Disaster Literacy of Communities. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 21. Health Systems and Infrastructure: National and Local Health Systems; Tiers of Healthcare Services; Clinical Services; Health Information System; Human Resources for Health; Monitoring and Evaluation of Health Systems; Evaluation of Disaster Programs and Projects; Resilient and Sustainable Health Systems & Infrastructure. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 22. Disaster Health and Communicable Diseases: Concepts of Disaster Health, Endemic, Outbreak, Epidemic, and Pandemic; Health Consequences of Disasters; Health-EDRM Framework; Public Health Preparedness and Response; Communicable Diseases as Public Health Threats; Principles of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control; Major Disease in Emergency and Non-Emergency Settings; Setting Up Disease Control Programmes; Monitoring, Evaluation, and Research for Disease Control Programmes. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 23. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in Emergencies: Diseases Related to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene; Community Involvement in Hygiene Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Mitigation; Improving Environmental Conditions; Water Quantity and Water Quality; Emergency Water Supply Strategy and Techniques; Water-Borne and Water-Induced Diseases; Vector Borne Diseases Control; Water and Sanitation in Cholera Outbreak Response; Hygiene and Food Safety; Solid Waste Management; Excreta Disposal; Planning Guidelines for Institutions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 24. Disaster Epidemiology, Outbreak Investigation, and Public Health Surveillance: Basic Concepts of Epidemiology (Epidemiological Triad, Role in Disasters, Methods/Methodological Challenges, Disaster-Related Exposures, Mortality/Morbidity, Health Management Information System (HMIS), Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA), Disaster Registries, Epidemiological Survey, Post-Disaster Epidemiological Investigations/Studies, Influenza Epidemiology); Definition and Criteria of Outbreak, Steps of an Outbreak Investigation, Prevention of Outbreaks, Trigger Alerts, Principles/Methods of Investigations for Food/Water/Air/Vector Borne Outbreaks; Concept and Types of Surveillance, Indicator & Event-Based Surveillance, Surveillance Design/Evaluation/Common Problems, Components of Surveillance System, Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP), Early Warning, Alert and Response System (EWARS). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 25. Biological Disasters, Pandemics, Public Health Emergencies, and Emerging/Re-Emerging Diseases: Infectious Diseases, Biological Disasters, Epidemics, Pandemics, Public Health Emergencies (Concepts, Impacts, Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery, Early Warnings/Containment Strategies, DRR/DM Measures); Biological Hazards (Types, Risk Groups); Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism (Threats, Capacity Building, Response); Biosafety and Biosecurity; Agrocrime and Agroterrorism; Healthcare Waste, Biomedical Waste and Their Management; Pandemic (Basics, Stages, Risks, Impacts, Mitigation, Case Studies); International Health Regulations (IHR); Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC); Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA); Rapid Response Teams and Capacity Building; Mass Vaccination Issues; Emerging Diseases, Re-Emerging Diseases, Factors for Emergence, Zoonotic Diseases, Overview of Common Emerging/Re-Emerging Diseases. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 26. Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), One Health, and Other Emerging Health Issues: Stressors, Protective Factors, Mental Health Disorder in Emergencies/Disasters; Disaster Mental Health (Basics, Phases, Response, Responders); Normal/Abnormal Human Response to Disaster; Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); General Measures and Psychosocial Support Interventions (Psychological First Aid (PFA), Psychological Debriefings, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Community Based Interventions); Disaster Mental Health Counselling; Managing Stress and Well-Being; Basics of One Health Concept, One Health Preparedness, One Health Approach for DM; Risk Assessment/Management in Health Organizations, Health Advice for Emergency Responders, Health in DRR Frameworks, Health Related Vulnerability/Rehabilitation, CBRNe Disasters (Basics, Case Studies, Management Strategies), Nutrition/Food Safety, Care of Road Traffic Injuries Victims, Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH), Maternal Health/Safe Motherhood, Infant/Young Child Feeding, Antimicrobial Resistance. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 27. Introduction to Environment and Ecology: The Global Concern; Natural Resources and Energy Resources (Renewable/Non-Renewable); Water Resources and Forest Resources; Biodiversity and Conservation, Threats to Biodiversity; Branches of Ecology, Habitat and Ecological Niche; Ecosystem (Concepts, Types, Component, Function, Structure); Biogeochemical Cycles; Energy Flow in Ecosystem (Law of Thermodynamics, Flow of Energy, Food Chains, Food Web, Ecological Pyramids, Ecological Balance); Community Dynamics (Hydrosphere, Xerosere); Population Dynamics (Structural/Functional Aspects, Death Antagonism). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 28. Environmental Pollution and Climate Resilience: Sources of Pollution; Different Types of Pollution (Air, Water, Soil, Marine, Noise, Thermal); Pollution Case Studies (London Smog Disaster, Ganga/Yamuna Pollution); Cost of Pollution Management; Causes of Environmental Pollution; Climatology (Origin, Composition/Structure of Atmosphere, Insolation, Distribution of Temperature, Atmospheric Pressure/Motion, General Atmospheric Circulation, Classification of World Climates - Koppen's/Thornthwaite's Schemes, Heat Budget, Hydrological Cycle); Climate Resilience (Meaning, Concept, Indicators, Causes, Theories). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 29. Environmental Health, Safety, Disasters, Eco-based Approaches, and Nature-Based Solutions: Hailstorms; Heat Waves, Terminal Heat, and Heat-Related Illness; Cold Waves, Frost, and Fog; Climate Change (Global Warming, Acid Rains, Ozone Layer Depletion); Effect of Weather, Climate Variability, and Climate Change on Population Health; Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (EcoDRR – Introduction, Tools, Approaches); Natural Resources Management, Traditional Environmental Wisdom and Disasters; Disaster Risk Management (PEDRR - Partnership for Environment and DRR), Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and its Linkages with EcoDRR; Ecological Approaches and Integrated Ecosystem Management; Nature Based Solutions (NBSs). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 30. Occupational Health and Safety: Occupational Hazards (Overview, Classification, Role in Different Industries); Indian Occupational Safety Scenario; Concept and Spectrum of Occupational Health; Occupational Health Services (Basics, Structure, Functional Units, Activities); Occupational Health Screening; Occupational Diseases, Notifiable Occupational Diseases (Effects, Prevention); Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation, Audiometric Tests, Eye Tests, Vital Function Tests; Industrial Toxicology (Local, Systemic, Chronic, Temporary, Cumulative Effects, Carcinogens Entry into Human Systems); Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomics; Industrial Disasters (Classification, Investigation, Prevention); Agricultural Respiratory Hazards and Diseases; Corporate and Office Hazards and Diseases; Occupational Health, Safety, and Disaster Prevention. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 31. Accident Investigation, Reporting, and Fire Disaster Safety: Incident Recall Technique (IRT); Disaster Control; Job Safety Analysis, Safety Survey, Safety Inspection, Safety Sampling; Safety Audit; Concept of an Accident, Reportable/Non-Reportable Accidents; Unsafe Act and Condition, Principles of Accident Prevention; Role of Safety Committee, Accident Causation Models, Cost of Accident; Overall Accident Investigation Process (Response to Accidents, India Reporting Requirement, Planning Document, Planning Matrix, Investigators Kit, Functions of Investigator, Four Types of Evidences, Records of Accidents, Accident Reports); Forest Fire, Wild Fire, and Fire Following Earthquakes (Vulnerability Assessment, Risk Assessment, Mitigation, Preparedness, Response). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 32. Basics of Remote Sensing (RS): History, Development, Definition, Concept & Principles; Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) and its Characteristics; Wavelength Regions and their Significance; Interaction of EMR with Atmosphere and Earth's Surface (Absorption, Reflectance, Scattering, Atmospheric Windows, Energy Balance Equation, Spectral Response/Signature); Spectral, Spatial, Temporal, and Radiometric Resolutions; Concept of Satellite, Sensor, Orbit; Satellite Image and Various Interpretation Techniques; Digital Image Processing Techniques. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 33. Basic Concepts of Geographic Information System (GIS): Definition, Philosophy & Historical Evolution; Spatial vs. Non-Spatial Data; Components of GIS; Spatial Data Models (Raster and Vector - Advantages & Disadvantages); Raster Data & its Representation (Data Structure & File Format, Data Compression - Block Code, Chain Code, Run Length Code, Quadtree, MrSID); Vector Data Representation (Data Structure & File Format, Topology); Advantage of DBMS in Context of GIS; Data Input and Projections; Geometric Transformation of Raster and Vector Data. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 34. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Using GIS and RS: RS & GIS Global and National Initiatives for Disaster Risk Management; Hazard Evaluation and Zonation; Risk and Vulnerability Assessment; Damage Assessment; Land Use Planning and Regulation for Sustainable Development. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 35. Introduction to Information & Communications Technology (ICT) and its Applications in DM: ICT Approaches in DM; Changing Media Environments and Efficient Use of ICT for Disaster Communication; Disaster Informatics and Multimedia Educational Application for Risk Reduction; Current State and Solutions for Future Challenges in Alerting Technologies; ICT Applications, Tools, and Techniques; Efficient Deployment of ICT Tools; Utilizing ICT Applications for Decision Support in Disaster Mitigation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 36. Sensor Technologies and Computing Infrastructure in DRR: Introduction to Sensor Technologies; Types of Sensor Systems (Benefits, Limitations, Efficient Use); Design and Deployment Practices; Use of Sensor Technologies and Computing Infrastructure for Environmental Risks, Emergency, and Rescue Operations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 37. Other Emerging Technologies for Disaster Risk Management: Big Data, Machine Learning, and Database Management; Artificial Intelligence (AI), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Robotics; Social Media. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 38. Emergency Response Procedures, Systems, Shelter, and Support Functions: Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) for Disaster Response; Information Management System; Warning Dissemination; First Responders; Evacuation; Search and Rescue Operations; Relief Operations; Emergency Operation Center (EOC); Incident Response System (Overview, Features, Incident Response Teams); Resource Management & Networking (India Disaster Resource Network); Role of Disaster Response Forces and Community Based Organizations (CBO) in Emergency Response Mechanism; Assistance to Self-Sheltering Populations; Emergency Shelter and Intermediate Shelter; Short-Term Shelter in Existing Buildings; Site Selection and Arrangement of Emergency Settlements; Longer-Term Issues for Emergency Settlements; Vector and Pest Control; Emergency Support Functions and their details. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 39. Emergency Health Services: Health in Emergencies; Planning, Continuity, and Access for Emergency Health Services; Prehospital Care (First Aid in Different Cases, Basic Life Support (BLS), Wound Management, Handling of Injured Persons); First Aid Triage (Principles, Types, and Triage Systems); Public Health Emergency Operations Centre (PHEOC – Framework and Key Concepts); Mass Casualty Management; Emergency Medical Preparedness and Response; Hospital Emergency Disaster Management Plan; Hospital Safety and Preparedness; Health Emergency Teams; Identification and Handling of Human Remains. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management) Chpater 40. Risk Communication and Media & Public Affairs in Disasters: Disaster and Communication (Role of Communication in Disaster, Nature and Scope of Communication); Models and Processes of Communication as Applied to DM; Sender and Receiver Oriented Views; Seven Traditions of Communication and its Relevance to DM; Normative Perspective on Disaster Communication; Disaster Warnings as Risk Communication (Risk Perception, Hazard Awareness); Cultural Influences on Risk Communication; Cultural Cognition Theory of Risk Approaches Influencing Hazard Adjustment and Adoption; Overview of the Media and Public Affairs; Role of Media in DM and Humanitarian Crisis; Objectives of Mass Media; Ethical Issues in Disaster Communication; Understanding News Media Coverage of Disaster (Biases and Stereotypes); Reporting on Disaster Issues and Challenges (Newsworthiness, Phases of Disaster Reporting, Sources of News, Checklist for Disaster Reporting); Media Relations during Emergency Situations; Alternative Media During Crisis; Tools for Social Media (Applications and Use). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Disaster Management)
Public Administration Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Public Administration Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Chpater 1. Public Administration: Meaning, Nature, Scope & Significance; Evolution and Present Status of the Discipline; Politics-Administration Dichotomy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 2. Globalization and Public Administration; Paradigm shift from Government to Governance; Principles of Organization: Division of work, Hierarchy, Coordination, Unity of Command, Span of Control. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 3. Principles of Organization: Authority, Power and Responsibility, Delegation, Centralization and Decentralization; Line, Staff and Auxiliary Agencies; Leadership and Supervision; Decision-making and Communication. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 4. Personnel Administration: Meaning, Nature and Scope of Personnel Administration, including Classification, Recruitment, Training, Promotion, Compensation and service conditions, Discipline; Civil Service Neutrality, Anonymity and Commitment; Professional Associations and Unionism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 5. Approaches to the study of Public Administration: Oriental – Kautilya; Classical – F W Taylor, Henri Fayol, Max Weber, Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 6. Human Relations Approach to Administrative Thought: Elton Mayo, Mary Parker Follett; Behaviouralism – Chester Barnard, Herbert Simon. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 7. Motivation Theories: Abraham Maslow, Fredrick Herzberg, Douglas McGregor; Organizational Humanism – Chris Argyris, Rensis Likert. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 8. Writers on Administration: Dwight Waldo, Ferrel Heady, Robert Golembiewski and Peter Drucker; Minnobrook Perspective, New Public Service and Post Modernism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 9. Evolution of Indian Administration: Ancient, Mughal and British Periods; Constitutional Framework: Parliamentary and Federal Features; Union Government: President, Prime Minister & Council of Ministers, Cabinet Committees. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 10. Union Government structure: Central Secretariat, Cabinet Secretariat, and Prime Minister Office; Union State Relations; Election Commission and Electoral Reforms. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 11. Accountability mechanisms: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial; Citizen Grievance Redressal Mechanism: Lok Pal, Lok Ayukta, Central Vigilance Commission and Regulatory Authorities. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 12. Issue Areas in Indian Administration: Politician and Civil Servant relations, Generalists and Specialists debate, and Combating Corruption; Civil Services: Classification – All India Services, Central Services and State Services. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 13. Recruitment Agencies: Union Public Service Commission, State Public Service Commissions and other Commissions and Boards; Capacity Building of Civil Servants and Civil Service Reforms; Planning: Planning Commission, National Development Council, NITI Aayog, State Planning Commissions / Boards and Planning Departments. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 14. Judiciary: Indian Constitution and Independence of Judiciary, Supreme Court, High Courts, Judicial Review and Public Interest Litigation and Judicial Reforms; Police Administration and Reforms; E- Governance Initiatives in Indian administration. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 15. Constitutional Framework of State Administration: State Legislature, Governor – Role and Functions, Chief Minister – Powers and Functions, Council of Ministers, Role and Functions of Chief Secretary, State Secretariat, Directorates and Commissionerate. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 16. District Administration: Concept and Evolution, District Collector - Power, Functions and Changing role; Autonomous District Councils - Structure, Powers and Functions, District Rural Development Agency; Evolution of Local Governance in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 17. Local Governance: 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts; State Election Commission; State Finance Commission; District Planning Committee; Rural Governance - Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis and Zila Parishads. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 18. Finance in PRIs, Personnel administration at local level; Policies and Programmes of Rural Development – MGNAREGA; Growth of Urbanization; Urban Governance - Structure, Composition, Functions of Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Metropolitan Governance - Sources of Finance; Personnel Administration; Reforms in Urban Governance -Solid Waste Management, Smart and AMRUT cities. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 19. Comparative Public Administration: Concept, Nature, Scope and Significance of Comparative Public Administration; Public Administration and its Environment; Approaches and Methods to the study of Comparative Administration: Institutional, Behavioural, Structural-Functional, Ecological and Systems Approaches. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 20. Fred Riggs’s Typology of Societies and Features; Problems of Comparative Research; Comparative Studies –Influence of Globalization; Salient Features of the administrative systems of UK, USA, France and Japan. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 21. Development Administration: Development and its Dimensions, Development and Modernization; Approaches to Development - Sustainable Development and Anti- Development; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 22. Development Administration: Concept, Nature, Scope, Objectives, Features and Significance; Ecology of Development Administration, Contribution of Fred Riggs, Dwight Waldo and Edward Widener; Role of Bureaucracy in Development; Globalization and Development Administration; Emergence of Non-State actors in Development Administration; Public-Private Partnerships; Corporate Social Responsibility, Human Development Indicators and Social Audit. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 23. Economic Policies: Mixed Economy to Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG), New Economic Policy (NEP), Industrial Policy since Independence; Government in Business - Public Enterprises- Concept, Growth and Forms of Public Enterprises, Management, Problem of Accountability and Autonomy, Disinvestment Policies. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 24. Financial Administration: Public Finance – Revenue and Expenditure: Nature, Scope and Significance of Financial Administration; Budget – Meaning, Purpose and Significance; Budgetary Process – preparation, enactment and execution. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 25. Types of Budget – PPBS, Performance Budget, Zero-Based Budget and Gender Budget; Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (FRBMA) and Sunset legislation; Fiscal Federalism – Union-State Financial Relations, Finance Commission. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 26. Financial Control- Legislature and Executive; Parliamentary Committees and Comptroller and Auditor General of India; Taxation policies – Principles of Taxation –Progressive and Proportional taxation – Reforms in Taxation policies. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 27. Social Welfare Administration: Concept of Social Welfare, Social Justice and Social Change; Concept of Equity and Inclusiveness in Social Justice; Concept of Affirmative action-Reservations; Institutional arrangement for Social Welfare & Social Justice Administration; NGOs, Civil Societies and Voluntary Agencies. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 28. Policies, Programmes and Institutional Framework for the Protection and Welfare of SCs/ STs / OBCs/ Women/ Children, Aged, Differently-abled (Divyang); Minorities Commissions – Women, SC/ST, Minority- Role and Functions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 29. Disaster Management: Nature and Types of Disaster; Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management; Role of State and Non-State actors. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 30. Public Policy: Nature, Scope and Importance of Public Policy; Evolution of Public Policy and Policy Sciences; Public Policy and Public Administration; Approaches to Public Policy – Process Approach, Logical Positivism, Phenomenological Approach, Participatory and Normative Approaches. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 31. Theories and Models of Policy Making – Harold Lasswell, Charles Lindblom, Yehezkel Dror; Institutions of Policy Making - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 32. Types of Policy Analysis - Empirical, Normative, Retrospective and Prospective, Prescriptive and Descriptive; Policy Implementation, Outcomes and Evaluation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 33. Constraints on Public Policy – Socio-economic, Political, Institutional and Cultural; Role of Media, Public Opinion, Civil Society and Pressure Groups on Policy Making. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 34. Governance and Good Governance: Ancient Discourse – Kautilya, Plato and Aristotle on Good Governance; Elements and Forms of Good Governance; Theories and Concepts of Governance – World Bank and UNDP; State, Market and Civil Society. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 35. Governance Theories and Approaches: Public Choice Theory, New Public Management, Public Value Theory, Governance as Theory, Governance and Public Governance; Networking and Collaborative Governance, Business Process Re-engineering. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 36. ICT and Governance – e-Government and e-Governance, e-Readiness and Digital Divide; Accountability, Openness and Transparency; Gender and Governance; Citizen and Governance: Civil Society – Role and Limitations, Citizen Participation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 37. Right to Information – RTI Act and Administrative Reforms, National Information Commission; Citizen Charter – Concept, Objectives and Significance; Ethics and Public Accountability in Governance: Rule of Law and Administrative Law, Delegated Legislation and Administrative Adjudication; Ethical Foundations of Governance: Constitutional Values, Family, Society and Education. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 38. Social Science Research- Meaning and Significance; Distinction between Methodology and Method; Facts and Values in Research; Role of Research in Theory-Building; Scientific Method; Objectivity in Social Research. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 39. Research Process: Types of Research; Identification of Research Problem; Hypotheses and Null- Hypotheses; Validation of Hypothesis; Research Design; Methods of Data Collection- Primary and Secondary sources- ( Observation; Questionnaire and Interview, Use of Library and Internet). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration) Chpater 40. Data Management and Reporting: Sampling and Sampling Techniques; Scales of Measurement; Analysis of Data and Use of Computers in Social Science Research- SPSS; Citation patterns and Ethics of Research ; Bibliography; Report Writing. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Public Administration)
Environmental Sciences Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Environmental Sciences Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Chpater 1. Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences: Definition, Principles and Scope of Environmental Science; Structure and composition of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere; Interaction between Earth, Man and Environment. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 2. Energy and Material Dynamics: Laws of thermodynamics, heat transfer processes, mass and energy transfer across various interfaces, material balance; Meteorological parameters - pressure, temperature, precipitation, humidity, mixing ratio, saturation mixing ratio, radiation and wind velocity, adiabatic lapse rate, environmental lapse rate; Wind roses. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 3. Global Environmental Context and Resources: Biogeographic provinces of the world and agro-climatic zones of India; Concept of sustainable development; Natural resources and their assessment. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 4. Geospatial Techniques and Environmental Awareness: Remote Sensing and GIS: Principles of remote sensing and GIS, Digital image processing and ground truthing, Application of remote sensing and GIS in land cover/land use planning and management (urban sprawling, vegetation study, forestry, natural resource), waste management and climate change; Environmental education and awareness; Environmental ethics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 5. Core Chemical Principles in Environment: Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry: Classification of elements, Stoichiometry, Gibbs’ energy, chemical potential, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibria, solubility of gases in water, the carbonate system, unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, radioisotopes; Composition of air: Particles, ions and radicals in the atmosphere, Chemical speciation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 6. Atmospheric and Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical processes in the formation of inorganic and organic particulate matters, thermochemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, Oxygen and Ozone chemistry, Photochemical smog; Hydrological cycle, Water as a universal solvent, Concept of DO, BOD and COD, Sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, filtration, pH and Redox potential (Eh). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 7. Soil Chemistry and Toxicology: Inorganic and organic components of soils; Biogeochemical cycles – nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus and sulphur; Toxic chemicals: Pesticides and their classification and effects, Biochemical aspects of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr) and metalloids (As, Se), CO, O3, PAN, VOC and POP, Carcinogens in the air. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 8. Analytical Techniques in Environmental Chemistry: Principles of analytical methods: Titrimetry, Gravimetry, Bomb Calorimetry, Chromatography (Paper Chromatography, TLC, GC and HPLC), Flame photometry, Spectrophotometry (UV-VIS, AAS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS), Electrophoresis, XRF, XRD, NMR, FTIR, GC-MS, SEM, TEM. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 9. Foundations of Ecology and Ecosystems: Ecology as an inter-disciplinary science, Origin of life and speciation, Human Ecology and Settlement; Ecosystem Structure (Biotic and Abiotic components) and functions (Energy flow in ecosystems, energy flow models, food chains and food webs, Biogeochemical cycles, Ecological succession). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 10. Ecosystem Diversity and Stability: Species diversity, Concept of ecotone, edge effects, ecological habitats and niche; Ecosystem stability and factors affecting stability, Ecosystem services; Basis of Ecosystem classification and Types of Ecosystem: Desert (hot and cold), forest, rangeland, wetlands, lotic, lentic, estuarine (mangrove), Oceanic. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 11. Biomes and Population Dynamics: Biomes: Concept, classification and distribution, Characteristics of different biomes: Tundra, Taiga, Grassland, Deciduous forest biome, Highland Icy Alpine Biome, Chapparal, Savanna, Tropical Rain forest; Population ecology: Characteristics of population, concept of carrying capacity, population growth and regulations, Population fluctuations, dispersion and metapopulation, Concept of ‘r’ and ‘k’ species, Keystone species. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 12. Community Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation: Community ecology: Definition, community concept, types and interaction - predation, herbivory, parasitism and allelopathy, Biological invasions; Biodiversity and its conservation: Definition, types, importance of biodiversity and threats to biodiversity, Concept and basis of identification of ‘Hotspots’; hotspots in India, Measures of biodiversity, Strategies for biodiversity conservation: in situ, ex situ and in vitro conservation, National parks, Sanctuaries, Protected areas and Sacred groves in India, Concepts of gene pool, biopiracy and bio-prospecting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 13. Applied Ecology and Environmental Health: Concept of restoration ecology, Extinct, Rare, Endangered and Threatened flora and fauna of India; Concept of Industrial Ecology; Toxicology and Microbiology: Absorption, distribution and excretion of toxic agents, acute and chronic toxicity, concept of bioassay, threshold limit value, margin of safety, therapeutic index, biotransformation, Major water borne diseases and air borne microbes; Environmental Biotechnology: Bioremediation – definition, types and role of plants and microbes for in situ and ex situ remediation, Bioindicators, Biofertilizers, Biofuels and Biosensors. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 14. Earth's Origin and Structure: Origin of earth; Primary geochemical differentiation and formation of core, mantle, crust, atmosphere and hydrosphere; Concept of minerals and rocks; Formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Controls on formation of landforms - tectonic including plate tectonic and climatic. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 15. Earth's Climate Systems and Dynamics: Concept of steady state and equilibrium, Energy budget of the earth, Earth’s thermal environment and seasons; Coriolis force, pressure gradient force, frictional force, geo-strophic wind field, gradient wind; Climates of India, western disturbances, Indian monsoon, droughts, El Nino, La Nina; Concept of residence time and rates of natural cycles; Geophysical fields. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 16. Geoprocesses and Soil Science: Weathering including weathering reactions, erosion, transportation and deposition of sediments; Soil forming minerals and process of soil formation, Identification and characterization of clay minerals, Soil physical and chemical properties, soil types and climate control on soil formation, Cation exchange capacity and mineralogical controls; Geochemical classification of elements, abundance of elements in bulk earth, crust, hydrosphere and biosphere, Partitioning of elements during surficial geologic processes, Geochemical recycling of elements; Paleoclimate. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 17. Hydrogeology, Resources, and Hazards: Distribution of water in earth, hydrology and hydrogeology, major basins and groundwater provinces of India, Darcy’s law and its validity, groundwater fluctuations, hydraulic conductivity, groundwater tracers, land subsidence, effects of excessive use of groundwater, groundwater quality, Pollution of groundwater resources, Ghyben-Herzberg relation between fresh-saline water; Natural resource exploration and exploitation and related environmental concerns, Historical perspective and conservation of non-renewable resources; Natural Hazards: Catastrophic geological hazards - floods, landslides, earthquakes, volcanism, avalanche, tsunami and cloud bursts, Prediction of hazards and mitigation of their impacts. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 18. Energy Sources - Solar and Fossil Fuels: Sun as source of energy; solar radiation and its spectral characteristics; Fossil fuels: classification, composition, physico-chemical characteristics and energy content of coal, petroleum and natural gas, Shale oil, Coal bed Methane, Gas hydrates, Gross-calorific value and net-calorific value. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 19. Renewable and Nuclear Energy Technologies: Principles of generation of hydro-power, tidal energy, ocean thermal energy conversion, wind power, geothermal energy, solar energy (solar collectors, photo-voltaic modules, solar ponds); Nuclear energy - fission and fusion, Nuclear fuels, Nuclear reactor – principles and types; Bioenergy: methods to produce energy from biomass. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 20. Environmental Impacts of Energy Use: Environmental implications of energy use; energy use pattern in India and the world, emissions of CO2 in developed and developing countries including India, radiative forcing and global warming; Impacts of large scale exploitation of solar, wind, hydro and nuclear energy sources. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 21. Air Pollution - Sources, Monitoring, and Impacts: Air Pollution: Sources and types of Pollutants - Natural and anthropogenic sources, primary and secondary pollutants, Criteria air pollutants; Sampling and monitoring of air pollutants (gaseous and particulates); period, frequency and duration of sampling, Principles and instruments for measurements of (i) ambient air pollutants concentration and (ii) stack emissions; Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Impact of air pollutants on human health, plants and materials; Acid rain. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 22. Air Pollutant Dispersion and Control: Dispersion of air pollutants, Mixing height/depth, lapse rates, Gaussian plume model, line source model and area source model; Control devices for particulate matter: Principle and working of: settling chamber, centrifugal collectors, wet collectors, fabric filters and electrostatic precipitator; Control of gaseous pollutants through adsorption, absorption, condensation and combustion including catalytic combustion; Indoor air pollution, Vehicular emissions and Urban air quality. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 23. Noise Pollution - Measurement and Control: Noise Pollution: Sources, weighting networks, measurement of noise indices (Leq, L10, L90, L50, LDN, TNI), Noise dose and Noise Pollution standards; Noise control and abatement measures: Active and Passive methods; Vibrations and their measurements; Impact of noise and vibrations on human health. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 24. Water Pollution - Quality, Standards, and Treatment: Water Pollution: Types and sources of water pollution, Impact on humans, plants and animals; Measurement of water quality parameters: sampling and analysis for pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, hardness, chlorides, salinity, DO, BOD, COD, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, heavy metals and organic contaminants, Microbiological analysis – MPN; Indian standards for drinking water (IS:10500, 2012); Drinking water treatment: Coagulation and flocculation, Sedimentation and Filtration, Disinfection and Softening; Wastewater Treatment: Primary, Secondary and Advanced treatment methods, Common effluent treatment plant. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 25. Soil, Thermal, Marine, and Radioactive Pollution: Soil Pollution: Physico-chemical and biological properties of soil (texture, structure, inorganic and organic components), Analysis of soil quality, Soil Pollution control, Industrial effluents and their interactions with soil components, Soil micro-organisms and their functions - degradation of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers; Thermal Pollution: Sources of Thermal Pollution, Heat Islands, causes and consequences; Marine Pollution: Sources and impact of Marine Pollution, Methods of Abatement of Marine Pollution, Coastal management; Radioactive pollution – sources, biological effects of ionizing radiations, radiation exposure and radiation standards, radiation protection. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 26. Solid Waste - Characteristics and Logistics: Solid Waste - types and sources; Solid waste characteristics, generation rates, solid waste components, proximate and ultimate analyses of solid wastes; Solid waste collection and transportation: container systems - hauled and stationary, layout of collection routes, transfer stations and transportation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 27. Solid Waste Processing, Recovery, and Disposal: Solid waste processing and recovery – Recycling, recovery of materials for recycling and direct manufacture of solid waste products, Electrical energy generation from solid waste (Fuel pellets, Refuse derived fuels), composting and vermicomposting, biomethanation of solid waste; Disposal of solid wastes – sanitary land filling and its management, incineration of solid waste. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 28. Hazardous, E-waste, Fly Ash, and Plastic Waste Management: Hazardous waste – Types, characteristics and health impacts; Hazardous waste management: Treatment Methods – neutralization, oxidation reduction, precipitation, solidification, stabilization, incineration and final disposal; e-waste: classification, methods of handling and disposal; Fly ash: sources, composition and utilisation; Plastic waste: sources, consequences and management. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 29. Environmental Assessment and Management Systems: Aims and objectives of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP), EIA Guidelines, Impact Assessment Methodologies, Procedure for reviewing EIA of developmental projects, Life-cycle analysis, costbenefit analysis; Guidelines for Environmental Audit, Environmental Planning as a part of EIA and Environmental Audit, Environmental Management System Standards (ISO14000 series). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 30. EIA Notification, Eco-labeling, and Risk Assessment: EIA Notification, 2006 and amendments from time to time; Eco-labeling schemes; Risk Assessment - Hazard identification, Hazard accounting, Scenarios of exposure, Risk characterization and Risk management. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 31. Core Environmental Legislation in India: Overview of Environmental Laws in India: Constitutional provisions in India (Article 48A and 51A), Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 amendments 1991, Forest Conservation Act, 1980, Indian Forest Act, Revised 1982, Biological Diversity Act, 2002, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 amended 1988 and Rules 1975, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 amended 1987 and Rules 1982, Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules 1986, Motor Vehicle Act, 1988. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 32. Specific Waste Management and Safety Rules in India: The Hazardous and Other Waste (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, The Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, The e-waste (Management) Rules 2016, The Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016, The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 2000, The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2010 with Amendments; The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and Rules 1991, Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, Coastal Regulation Zones (CRZ) 1991 amended from time to time. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 33. National Environmental Policies and International Agreements: National Forest Policy, 1988, National Water Policy, 2002, National Environmental Policy, 2006; Environmental Conventions and Agreements: Stockholm Conference on Human Environment 1972, Montreal Protocol, 1987, Conference of Parties (COPs), Basel Convention (1989, 1992), Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (1971), Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro, 1992, Agenda-21, Global Environmental Facility (GEF), Convention on Biodiversity (1992), UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, 1997, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Earth Summit at Johannesburg, 2002, RIO+20, UN Summit on Millennium Development Goals, 2000, Copenhagen Summit, 2009; IPCC, UNEP, IGBP. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 34. Statistical Fundamentals in Environmental Science: Attributes and Variables: types of variables, scales of measurement, measurement of Central tendency and Dispersion, Standard error, Moments – measure of Skewness and Kurtosis; Basic concept of probability theory, Sampling theory. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 35. Statistical Distributions and Hypothesis Testing: Distributions - Normal, log-normal, Binomial, Poisson, t, ?2 (chi-square) and F-distribution; Correlation, Regression, tests of hypothesis (t-test, ?2- test ANOVA: one-way and two-way); significance and confidence limits. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 36. Environmental Modelling Approaches: Approaches to development of environmental models; linear, simple and multiple regression models, validation and forecasting; Models of population growth and interactions: Lotka-Voltera model, Leslie’s matrix model. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 37. Global Environmental Challenges and National Action Plans: Global Environmental Issues – Biodiversity loss, Climate change, Ozone layer depletion, Sea level rise, International efforts for environmental protection; National Action Plan on Climate Change (Eight National missions – National Solar Mission, National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, National Mission on Sustainable Habitat, National Water Mission, National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem, National Mission for a ‘Green India’, National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 38. Key Environmental Issues and Conservation Efforts in India: Current Environmental Issues in India: Environmental issues related to water resource projects - Narmada dam, Tehri dam, Almatti dam, Cauvery and Mahanadi, Hydro-power projects in Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal and North-Eastern States; Water conservation-development of watersheds, Rain water harvesting and ground water recharge, National river conservation plan – Namami Gange and Yamuna Action Plan, Eutrophication and restoration of lakes, Conservation of wetlands, Ramsar sites in India; Soil erosion, reclamation of degraded land, desertification and its control; Climate change - adaptability, energy security, food security and sustainability. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 39. Conservation Movements, Wildlife Projects, and Sustainable Practices in India: Forest Conservation – Chipko movement, Appiko movement, Silent Valley movement and Gandhamardhan movement, People Biodiversity register; Wild life conservation projects: Project tiger, Project Elephant, Crocodile Conservation, GOI-UNDP Sea Turtle project, Indo-Rhino vision; Carbon sequestration and carbon credits; Waste Management – Swachha Bharat Abhiyan; Sustainable Habitat: Green Building, GRIHA Rating Norms; Vehicular emission norms in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences) Chpater 40. Environmental Health Issues and Major Disasters: Epidemiological Issues: Fluorosis, Arsenocosis, Goitre, Dengue; Environmental Disasters: Minnamata Disaster, Love Canal Disaster, Bhopal Gas Disaster, 1984, Chernobyl Disaster, 1986, Fukusima Daiichi nuclear disaster, 2011. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Environmental Sciences)
Library And Information Science Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Library And Information Science Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Chpater 1. Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom; Information Life Cycle - Generation, Collection, Storage and Dissemination. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 2. Role of Information in Planning, Management, Socio-economic, Cultural, Educational and Technological Development; Information Science - Relationship with other subjects, Information Society and Knowledge Society. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 3. Communication – Concept, Types, Theories, Models, Channels and Barriers; Trends in Scholarly Communication; Information Industry - Generators, Providers and Intermediaries. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 4. IPR and Legal Issues - Categories, Conventions, Treaties, Laws; Plagiarism: Concept and Types; Right to Information Act (RTI); Information Technology Act; National Knowledge Commission; National Mission on Libraries. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 5. Historical Development of Libraries in India; Committees and Commissions on Libraries in India; Types of Libraries – Academic, Public, Special and National. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 6. Library Legislation and Library Acts in Indian States; The Press and Registration of Books Act; The Delivery of Books and Newspapers (Public Libraries) Act; Laws of Library Science. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 7. Library and Information Science Profession - Librarianship as a Profession, Professional Skills and Competences; Professional Ethics; Professional Associations - National – ILA, IASLIC, IATLIS; International – IFLA, ALA, CILIP, ASLIB, SLA; Role of UGC, RRRLF and UNESCO in Promotion and Development of Libraries; Library and Information Science Education in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 8. Library Public Relations and Extension Activities; Type of Users - User Studies, User Education; Information Literacy - Areas, Standards, Types and Models; Trends in Information Literacy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 9. Information Sources - Nature, Characteristics, Types and Formats; Sources of Information - Primary, Secondary and Tertiary; Documentary and Non-Documentary. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 10. Primary Information Sources (Print and Electronic) - Journals, Conference Proceedings, Patents, Standards, Theses & Dissertations, Trade Literature; Secondary Information Sources (Print and Electronic) - Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Bibliographies, Indexing & Abstracting, Statistical sources, Handbooks and Manuals. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 11. Tertiary Information Sources (Print and Electronic)- Directories, Year Books, Almanacs; Reference Sources - Bibliographical, Biographical, Educational, Language and Geographical. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 12. Electronic Information Resources - Subject Gateways, Web Portals, Bulletin Boards, Discussion Forums /Groups; Databases: Bibliographic, Numeric, Full text, Multimedia; Open Access Databases; Institutional and Human Resources; Evaluation of Reference Sources and Web Resources. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 13. Community Information Services; Reference Service – Concept and Types; Referral Services; Alerting Services - CAS, SDI, Inter Library Loan and Document Delivery. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 14. Mobile based Library Services and Tools – Mobile OPAC, Mobile Databases, Mobile Library Website, Library Apps, Mobile Library Instructions, Augmented Reality, SMS Alerts, Geo-Location, Reference Enquiry. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 15. Web 2.0 and 3.0 - Library 2.0- Concept, Characteristics, Components; Instant Messaging, RSS Feeds, Podcasts, Vodcasts, Ask a Librarian; Collaborative Services- Social Networks, Academics Social Networks, Social Tagging, Social Bookmarking; Web – Scale Discovery Services. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 16. National Information Systems and Networks: NISCAIR, DESIDOC, SENDOC, ENVIS, INFLIBNET, DELNET, NICNET, ERNET, National Knowledge Network (NKN), Biotechnology Information System Network; International Information Systems and Networks: INIS, AGRIS, INSPEC, MEDLARS, BIOSIS, ERIC, Patent Information System (PIS), Biotechnology Information System (BIS); Library Resource Sharing and Library Consortia – National and International. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 17. Universe of Knowledge - Nature and Attributes; Modes of Formation of Subjects; Knowledge Organisation - Classification – Theories, Cannons, and Principles; Simple Knowledge Organisation System (SKOS), Taxonomies, Folksonomy, Trends in Classification; Mapping of Subjects in Library Classification Schemes – DDC, UDC and CC. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 18. Knowledge Organisation: Cataloguing - Cannons and Principles; Centralized and Co-operative Catalogue; Library Cataloguing Codes: CCC and AACR - II. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 19. Standards of Bibliographic Record Formats and Description – ISBD, MARC 21, CCF, RDA, FRBR, Bibframe; Standards for Bibliographic Information Interchange & Communication – ISO 2709, Z39.50, Z39.71; Metadata Standards: Dublin Core; MARC21, METS, MODES, EAD. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 20. Indexing Systems and Techniques: Assigned - Pre-coordinate; Post-Coordinate; Derived- Title-based; Vocabulary Control; Abstracting – Types and Guidelines; Information Retrieval System – Features, Components, Models and Evaluation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 21. Management - Principles, Functions and Schools of thought; Library and Information Centers Management - Book Selection Tools and Principles; Library Acquisition, Technical Processing, Circulation, Serial Control, Maintenance and Stock Verification. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 22. Preservation and Conservation; Hazards and Control Measures of Library Materials; Human Resource Management – Planning, Job Analysis, Job Description, Job Evaluation, Selection, Recruitment, Motivation, Training and Development, Performance Appraisal; Staff Manual. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 23. Financial Management in Libraries - Sources of Finance, Resource Mobilisation, Budgeting Methods; Cost Effective and Cost Benefit Analysis, Annual Reports & Statistics; Library Authority and Committee; Project Management - SWOT, PEST, PERT / CPM. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 24. Total Quality Management (TQM) - Concepts, Principles and Techniques, Six Sigma; Evaluation of Services of Libraries and Information Centers; Library Building, Furniture and Equipments; Green Library Building; Information Commons; Makers Space; Security and Safety. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 25. Management Information System (MIS), MBO, Change Management, Disaster Management, Crisis Management; Knowledge Management – Principles, Tools, Components and Architecture; Marketing of Library Products and Services – Plan, Research, Strategies, Mix, Segmentation, Pricing and Advertising; Management Consultancy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 26. Computer Technology - Character Representation (ASCII, ISCII, Unicode); Computer Hardware, Software; Storage Devices; Input and Output Devices; Types of Software - System Software, Application Software. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 27. Programming Languages – Object Oriented, Procedural, High Level, Scripting; Web Languages; Telecommunication - Transmission Channels, Mode, and Media, ISDN, PSDN, Multiplexing, Modulation, Standards and Protocols. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 28. Wireless Communication – Media, Wi-fi, Li-fi, Satellite Communication, Mobile Communication; Computer Networks - Topologies, Types of Networks – LAN, MAN, WAN; Internet - Web browsers, WWW, E-mail; Search Engines, Meta and Entity Search engines. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 29. Internet Protocols and Standards – HTTP, SHTTP, FTP, SMTP, TCP/IP, URI, URL; Hypertext, Hypermedia, Multimedia, Video conferencing, Virtual Reality, Augmented Technologies; Data Security, Network Security, Firewalls, Cryptographic Techniques, Anti-virus software, Anti-spyware, Intrusion Detection System. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 30. Library Automation – Areas, Planning, Selection of Hardware and Software, Implementation and Evaluation; Standards for Library Automation; Barcode, RFID, QR Code, Biometric, Smartcard: Features and Applications. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 31. Digitization – Planning, Selection of Materials, Hardware, Software, Process, Issues; Digital Library: Genesis, Characteristics, Types, Architecture; Standards, Formats and Protocols, DOI. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 32. Digital Preservation - Need, Purpose, Standards, Methods, Techniques, Projects (National and International); Digital Library Initiatives – National and International; Institutional Repositories - Need, Purpose, Types and Tools; Institutional Repositories in India; ROAR, DOAR, SHARPA-ROMIO. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 33. Content Management Systems – Architecture, Data Integration, CMS Software – Selection, Implementation and Evaluation; Application of Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems and Robotics in Libraries; Social Mobile Analytics Cloud (SMAC); Cloud Computing; Ontology – Tools (RDF, RDFS, Potege); Semantic Web, Linked Data, Big Data, Data Mining, Data Harvesting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 34. Research - Concept, Purpose, Functions, Scope and Ethics; Types of Research – Basic and Applied, Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary; Research Methods: Historical, Descriptive, Experimental and Delphi. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 35. Research Design - Selection of Research Problem, Review of Literature; Formulation of Research Problem; Hypothesis – Formulation, Types and Testing; Sampling Techniques; Methods of Data Collection: Questionnaire, Interview, Observation, Library Records, Scales and Checklist. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 36. Data Analysis and Interpretation - Presentation of Data; Statistical Methods/ Techniques; Statistical Packages – Spreadsheet, SPSS, Bibexcel, ‘R’ Statistics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 37. Research Report Writing and Citation Tools – Structure, Style, Contents, Guidelines; Style Manuals; Online Citation Tools; Reference Style Management Tools; Antiplagiarism Tools; Evaluation of Research Report; Metric Studies in LIS - Bibliometrics, Scientometric, Webometrics, Altmetrics; Impact Factors – Journal, Institutional and Authors; h-Index, g-Index, i10 Index; Trends in Library and Information Science Research. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 38. Academic Library and Information System; Public Library and Information System; Special Library and Information System; Health Science Library and Information System. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 39. Corporate Library and Information System; Agricultural Library and Information System; Engineering and Technological Library and Information System. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science) Chpater 40. Archive, Museums and Oriental Libraries; Community Information System; Information Services and System for Persons with Disability, Children and Women. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Library And Information Science)
Labour Welfare Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Labour Welfare Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Chpater 1. Principles and Practices of Management: Development of Management Thought, Contributions of Taylor, Fayol, Mayo, Mary Parker Follett and C.I. Barnard. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 2. Behavioural Approach, Systems Approach, Quantitative Approach and Contingency Approach to Management. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 3. Function of Management: Planning and Decision Making, Organising, Staffing. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 4. Function of Management: Directing, Controlling, Coordinating. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 5. Human Resource Management: Conceptual framework, Human Resource Planning, Job Analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 6. Recruitment, Selection, Placement, Induction, Training and Development. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 7. Performance Management, Job Evaluation, Compensation Management, Employee Benefits and Incentives, Managing Career. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 8. New Trends in HRM: Changing environment of HRM and contemporary challenges, Emerging HRM Concepts. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 9. Human Resource Development (HRD): Concepts, Assumptions, Values, HRD Mechanisms, Action – research Model. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 10. HRD Culture and Climate, HRD Interventions, HR Accounting and Audit, Consultant – client relationship. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 11. Knowledge Management, Human Resource Information System. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 12. International Human Resource Management (IHRM): Organisational context of IHRM, IHRM and Sustainable Business, Functions of IHRM. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 13. Cross – Cultural Studies, Cultural Diversity, Transnational Organisations, IHRM models. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 14. Organisational Behaviour: Concept, Scope, Nature of human behavior, Personality, Perception. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 15. Learning, Attitude, Motivation, Interpersonal Behaviour. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 16. Group Dynamics, Leadership, Communication, Power and Authority. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 17. Stress, Organisational Change and Development. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 18. Industrial Relations: Concept, Scope, Evolution, Approaches, Actors and Models. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 19. Conflict and cooperation, Bi-partitism, Tri-partitism, Collective Bargaining. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 20. Workers’ Participation in Management, Grievance Handling and Disciplinary Action, Code of Conduct. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 21. Industrial Relations in changing scenario, Employers’ organisations. Trade Unions: Concepts, Evolution. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 22. Problems of trade unions in India, Recognition, The Trade Unions Act, 1926. Emerging role of trade unions in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 23. Industrial Disputes: Factors, Forms, Trends, Prevention and Settlement. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 24. Role of State and Central Labour Administration, Strikes and Lockouts. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 25. The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 26. Labour Legislation: Objectives, Principles, Classification and Evolution. International Labour Organisation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 27. Social Justice and Labour Legislation, Indian Constitution and Labour Laws. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 28. The Factories Act, 1948. The Mines Act, 1952. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 29. The Inter-state Migrant Workmen (Regulation of employment and conditions of service) Act, 1979. The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 30. The Building and other Construction workers (Regulation of employment and conditions of service) Act, 1996. The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 31. Wages: Concept, Types, Factors influencing wages, Wage Theories and Wage Differentials. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 32. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948. The Payment of Wages Act, 1936. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 33. The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965. The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 34. The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. The Employees’ Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 35. Labour Welfare: Concept, Scope, Types, Theories and Principles. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 36. Industrial Health and Hygiene, Industrial Accidents and safety, Occupational Diseases. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 37. Social Security: Concept and Scope, Social Assistance and Social assurance. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 38. Labour Market: Features, Demand and Supply of Labour, Nature and Composition of Indian Labour Force. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 39. Unemployment and Underemployment, Types of Labour Market, Characteristics of Indian Labour Market. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management) Chpater 40. New Dynamics of Labour Market in India, Economic Systems and Labor Market, Problems of Labour in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Labour Welfare/Personnel Management/Industrial Relations/ Labour And Social Welfare/Human Resource Management)
Mass Communication And Journalism Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Mass Communication And Journalism Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Chpater 1. Foundations of Mass Communication: Concept of Journalism and mass communication; Mass communication in India; History, growth, and development of print and electronic media, including major landmarks in print and electronic media in Indian languages, (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 2. Media Landscape & Governance: Media criticism and media literacy; Press Council and Press Commissions of India; Status of journalism and media education in India; Media policies of the Government of India since Independence. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 3. Communication Theories & Critiques: Models and theories of mass communication (normative theories, administrative and critical traditions in communication, media and journalism studies); Communication and theories of socio-cultural, educational and agricultural change; Technological determinism, critique of Marshall McLuhan’s views on media and communication, and Marxist approaches; Information and knowledge societies. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 4. Philosophical & Cultural Dimensions: Indian traditions and approaches to communication from the Vedic era to the 21st century; Western and Eastern philosophical, ethical and aesthetic perceptions of communication (Aristotle and Plato, Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic traditions); Media and culture - framework for understanding culture in a globalised world; Globalisation with respect to politico-economic & socio-cultural developments in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 5. Development Communication Fundamentals: Concept and definition of development communication; Role of media and journalism in society; Characteristics of Indian society – demographic and sociological impact of communication, media and journalism; Media and specific audiences. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 6. Paradigms of Development: Development and social change: Issues and post-colonial conceptions; Deconstruction of dominant paradigm of communication and development, including responses and critique of dominant models. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 7. Actors & Systems in Development: Corporatisation of development - Corporate Social Responsibility, non-state actors in development, mass campaigns by NGOs, Government of India, international agencies and corporates; Paradigms and discourse of development communication; Emergence of global civil societies, public sphere, global communication system - nation state-universal, national communication policies. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 8. Influencers of Social Reform in India: Leading influencers of social reform in India - Raja Rammohan Roy, Pandit Madanmohan Malviya, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Mahatma Gandhi, Acharya Vinoba Bhave, Dr B. R. Ambedkar, Deendayal Upadhyay, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 9. News Fundamentals & Reporting: News-concepts, determinants (values), structure and perspectives; Reporting for print, radio, television and digital media; Types of reporting; National and international news agencies and feature syndicates, functions and role. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 10. Media Writing & Adaptation: Writing for print, electronic and digital news media; Translation and transcreation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 11. Presentation Techniques: Editing and presentation techniques for print, television and digital media. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 12. Journalistic Practice & Ethics: Journalism as profession; Reportage of contemporary issues, ethics of reporting; Critique of western news values; Effect of new technology on global communication flows; Niche Reporting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 13. Advertising Concepts & Ethics: Definition, concept, functions, types, evolution of advertising; Standards and ethics in advertising; Theories and models of communication in advertising. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 14. Brand & Advertising Management: Brand management; Advertising management - agency-role, structure and function, client-agency relationship, media planning and budgeting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 15. Creativity in Advertising: Advertising and creativity, language and translation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 16. Campaigns & Research: Advertising campaign and marketing; Advertising and marketing research. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 17. PR & Corporate Communication Basics: Public Relations and Corporate Communication - definition, concept and scope. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 18. PR Structures: Structure of PR in State, Public, Private and non-government sectors. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 19. PR Tools & Crisis Management: Tools and techniques of PR and Corporate Communication; Crisis communication and crisis communication management. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 20. PR Ethics & Global Scope: Ethics of Public Relations; International Public Relations, communication audit. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 21. Legal & Ethical Foundations: Concept of law and ethics in India and rest of the world; The Constitution of India, historical evolution, relevance; Concept of freedom of speech and expression in Indian Constitution. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 22. Key Media Offences & Acts: Defamation, Libel, Slander-IPC 499-502, Sedition IPC 124(A), Contempt of Courts Act 1971, Official Secrets Act 1923, Press and Registration of Books Act 1867. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 23. Journalist Welfare, Obscenity & Social Justice Laws: Working Journalists and other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1955, Wage Boards; Law of Obscenity (Section 292-294 of IPC), the Miller test, the Hicklin test; Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act 1986; Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989; Parliamentary Privileges; Famous cases involving journalists and news media organisations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 24. Information, Broadcasting, IP & Regulatory Framework: Right to Information Act 2005; Copyright Act 1957, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR); Cable Television Network (Regulation) Act 1995; Information Technology Act (relevant) 2000 and cyber laws; Cinematograph Act 1952, Film Censorship; Press Council Act as amended from time to time; ASCI; Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954; Various regulatory bodies for print, TV, Advertising, PR, and Internet; Rules, regulations and guidelines for the media as recommended by Press Council of India, Information and Broadcasting ministry and other professional organisations, adversarial role of the media, human rights and media. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 25. Media Management & Design: Definition, concept of media management; Grammar of electronic media; Communication design theories and practice. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 26. Media Production Techniques: Media production techniques – print and electronic; Digital media production techniques. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 27. Media Economics: Economics and commerce of mass media in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 28. Post-Liberalisation Media Management: Principles and management in media industry post liberalisation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 29. ICT, Media & Digitisation: ICT and media - definition, characteristics and role; Effect of computer mediated communication; Impact of ICT on mass media; Digitisation; Social networking. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 30. Web & Mobile Media Economics: Economics and commerce of web enabled media; Mobile adaption and new generation telephony by media. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 31. New Media Ethics & Applications: Ethics and new media; ICT in education and development in India, online media and e-governance. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 32. Animation: Animation - concepts and techniques. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 33. Film Theory & Indian Cinema: Film and television theory; Film and identity in Indian film studies, leading film directors of India before and after Independence; Indian cinema in the 21st century. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 34. Television & Visual Analysis: Approaches to analysis of Indian television; Visual Communication; Visual analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 35. Film Language & Aesthetics: Basics of film language and aesthetics, the dominant film paradigm, evolution of Indian cinema-commercial and ‘non-commercial’ genres, the Hindi film song, Indian aesthetics and poetics (the theory of Rasa and Dhvani). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 36. Cinema Movements & Modern Cinema: National cinema movements: Soviet Montage cinema, German Expressionistic cinema, Italian Neo-Realistic cinema, French New Wave cinema, British New Wave cinema, Indian New Wave cinema, Period cinema; Cinema in the new millennium. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 37. Research Fundamentals & Design: Definition, concept, constructs and approaches to communication research process; Research Designs - types, structure, components, classical, experimental and quasi experimental, variables and hypotheses; Types and methods of research: basic, applied, descriptive, analytical, historical, case study, longitudinal studies. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 38. Media Research Areas & Indian Context: Research in journalism, Public Relations, advertising, cinema, animation and graphics, television, Internet, social media practices, magazines, children’s media; Communication, journalism and media research in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 39. Measurement & Data Collection in Research: Levels of measurement: sampling-probability and non-probability, tests of validity and reliability, scaling techniques; Methods and tools of data collection-interviews, surveys, case studies, obtrusive and non-obtrusive techniques, ethnography, schedule, questionnaire, dairy, and internet based tools, media specific methods such as exit polls, opinion polls, telephone, SMS surveys and voting with regard to GEC (general entertainment content). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism) Chpater 40. Data Analysis & Research Ethics: Data analysis, testing, interpretation, application of statistical tests-parametric and nonparametric, tests of variance-univariate, bivariate and multivariate, tests of significance, computer mediated research; Ethical considerations in communication, media and journalism research, writing research reports, plagiarism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Mass Communication And Journalism)
Education Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Education Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Chpater 1. Contribution of Indian Schools of philosophy (Sankhya Yoga, Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism) with special reference to Vidya, Dayanand Darshan, and Islamic traditions towards educational aims and methods of acquiring valid knowledge; AND the Contribution (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 2. Approaches to Sociology of Education (symbolic Interaction, Structural Functionalism and Conflict Theory); Concept and types of social Institutions and their functions (family, school and society); Concept of Social Movements, Theories of Social Movements (Relative Deprivation, Resource Mobilization, Political Process Theory and New Social Movement Theory). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 3. Socialization and education- education and culture; Contribution of thinkers (Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Aurobindo, J.Krishnamurthy, Paulo Freire, Wollstonecraft, Nel Noddings and Savitribai Phule) to the development of educational thought for social change; National Values as enshrined in the Indian Constitution - Socialism, Secularism, justice, liberty, democracy, equality, freedom with special reference to education. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 4. Committees and Commissions’ Contribution to Teacher Education: Secondary Education Commission (1953), Kothari Education Commission (1964-66), National Policy of Education (1986,1992), National Commission on Teachers (1999), National Curriculum Framework 2005, National Knowledge Commission (2007), Yashpal Committee Report (2009), National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (2009), Justice Verma Committee Report (2012). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 5. Relationship between Policies and Education, Linkage between Educational Policy and National Development, Determinants of Educational Policy and Process of Policy formulation: Analysis of the existing situation, generation of policy options, evaluation of policy options, making the policy decision, planning of policy implementation, policy impact assessment and subsequent policy cycles. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 6. Concept of Economics of Education: Cost Benefit Analysis Vs Cost Effective Analysis in Education, Economic returns to Higher Education Signaling Theory Vs Human Capital Theory, Concept of Educational Finance; Educational finance at Micro and Macro Levels, Concept of Budgeting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 7. Relationship Between Politics and Education, Perspectives of Politics of Education Liberal, Conservative and Critical, Approaches to understanding Politics (Behaviouralism, Theory of Systems Analysis and Theory of Rational Choice), Education for Political Development and Political Socialization. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 8. Growth and Development: Concept and principles, Cognitive Processes and stages of Cognitive Development, Personality: Definitions and theories (Freud, Carl Rogers, Gordon Allport, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka), Mental health and Mental hygiene. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 9. Approaches to Intelligence from Unitary to Multiple: Concepts of Social intelligence, multiple intelligence, emotional intelligence; Theories of Intelligence by Sternberg, Gardner; Assessment of Intelligence; Concepts of Problem Solving, Critical thinking, Metacognition and Creativity. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 10. Principles and Theories of learning: Behaviouristic, Cognitive and Social theories of learning, Factors affecting social learning, social competence, Concept of social cognition, understanding social relationship and socialization goals. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 11. Guidance and Counselling: Nature, Principles and Need, Types of guidance (educational, vocational, personal, health and social & Directive, Non-directive and Eclectic), Approaches to counselling – Cognitive-Behavioural (Albert Ellis – REBT) & Humanistic, Personcentred Counselling (Carl Rogers) - Theories of Counselling (Behaviouristic, Rational, Emotive and Reality). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 12. Meaning, Nature and Scope of Teacher Education; Types of Teacher Education Programs; The Structure of Teacher Education Curriculum and its Vision in Curriculum Documents of NCERT and NCTE at Elementary, Secondary and Higher Secondary Levels; Organization of Components of Pre-service Teacher Education Transactional Approaches (for foundation courses) Expository, Collaborative and Experiential learning. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 13. Understanding Knowledge base of Teacher Education from the view point of Schulman, Deng and Luke & Habermas; Meaning of Reflective Teaching and Strategies for Promoting Reflective Teaching; Models of Teacher Education - Behaviouristic, Competency-based and Inquiry Oriented Teacher Education Models. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 14. Concept, Need, Purpose and Scope of In-service Teacher Education; Organization and Modes of In-service Teacher Education; Agencies and Institutions of In-service Teacher Education at District, State and National Levels (SSA, RMSA, SCERT, NCERT, NCTE and UGC); Preliminary Consideration in Planning in-service teacher education programme (Purpose, Duration, Resources and Budget). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 15. Concept of Profession and Professionalism; Teaching as a Profession; Professional Ethics of Teachers; Personal and Contextual factors affecting Teacher Development; ICT Integration, Quality Enhancement for Professionalization of Teacher Education; Innovation in Teacher Education. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 16. Concept and Principles of Curriculum; Strategies of Curriculum Development; Stages in the Process of Curriculum development; Foundations of Curriculum Planning - Philosophical Bases (National, democratic), Sociological basis (socio cultural reconstruction), Psychological Bases (learner’s needs and interests); Bench marking and Role of National level Statutory Bodies - UGC, NCTE and University in Curriculum Development. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 17. Models of Curriculum Design: Traditional and Contemporary Models (Academic / Discipline Based Model, Competency Based Model, Social Functions / Activities Model [social reconstruction], Individual Needs & Interests Model, Outcome Based Integrative Model, Intervention Model, C I P P Model (Context, Input, Process, Product Model)). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 18. Instructional System, Instructional Media, Instructional Techniques and Material in enhancing curriculum Transaction; Approaches to Evaluation of Curriculum: Approaches to Curriculum and Instruction (Academic and Competency Based Approaches); Models of Curriculum Evaluation: Tyler’s Model, Stakes’ Model, Scriven’s Model, Kirkpatrick’s Model. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 19. Meaning and types of Curriculum change; Factors affecting curriculum change; Approaches to curriculum change; Role of students, teachers and educational administrators in curriculum change and improvement; Scope of curriculum research and Types of Research in Curriculum Studies. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 20. Meaning and Scope of Educational Research; Meaning and steps of Scientific Method, Characteristics of Scientific Method (Replicability, Precision, Falsifiability and Parsimony), Types of Scientific Method (Exploratory, Explanatory and Descriptive); Aims of research as a scientific activity: Problem-solving, Theory Building and Prediction. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 21. Types of research (Fundamental, Applied and Action); Approaches to educational research (Quantitative and Qualitative); Designs in educational research (Descriptive, Experimental and Historical). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 22. Variables: Meaning of Concepts, Constructs and Variables, Types of Variables (Independent, Dependent, Extraneous, Intervening and Moderator); Hypotheses - Concept, Sources, Types (Research, Directional, Non-directional, Null), Formulating Hypothesis, Characteristics of a good hypothesis; Steps of Writing a Research Proposal. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 23. Concept of Universe and Sample, Characteristics of a good Sample, Techniques of Sampling (Probability and Non-probability Sampling); Tools of Research - Validity, Reliability and Standardisation of a Tool, Types of Tools (Rating scale, Attitude scale, Questionnaire, Aptitude test and Achievement Test, Inventory); Techniques of Research (Observation, Interview and Projective Techniques). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 24. Types of Measurement Scale (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio); Quantitative Data Analysis - Descriptive data analysis (Measures of central tendency, variability, fiduciary limits and graphical presentation of data), Testing of Hypothesis (Type I and Type II Errors), Levels of Significance, Power of a statistical test and effect size; Parametric Techniques, Non-Parametric Techniques, Conditions to be satisfied for using parametric techniques; Inferential data analysis; Use and Interpretation of statistical techniques: Correlation, t-test, z-test, ANOVA, chi-square (Equal Probability and Normal Probability Hypothesis). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 25. Qualitative Data Analysis - Data Reduction and Classification, Analytical Induction and Constant Comparison, Concept of Triangulation; Qualitative Research Designs: Grounded Theory Designs (Types, characteristics, designs, Steps in conducting a GT research, Strengths and Weakness of GT), Narrative Research Designs (Meaning and key Characteristics, Steps in conducting NR design), Case Study (Meaning, Characteristics, Components of a CS design, Types of CS design, Steps of conducting a CS research, Strengths and weaknesses), Ethnography (Meaning, Characteristics, Underlying assumptions, Steps of conducting ethnographic research, Writing ethnographic account, Strengths and weaknesses), Mixed Method Designs: Characteristics, Types of MM designs (Triangulation, explanatory and exploratory designs), Steps in conducting a MM designs, Strengths and weakness of MM research. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 26. Pedagogy, Pedagogical Analysis - Concept and Stages; Critical Pedagogy- Meaning, Need and its implications in Teacher Education; Organizing Teaching: Memory Level (Herbartian Model), Understanding Level (Morrison teaching Model), Reflective Level (Bigge and Hunt teaching Model); Concept of Andragogy in Education: Meaning, Principles, Competencies of Self-directed Learning, Theory of Andragogy (Malcolm Knowles), The Dynamic Model of Learner Autonomy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 27. Assessment – Meaning, nature, perspectives (assessment for Learning, assessment of learning and Assessment of Learning) - Types of Assessment (Placement, formative, diagnostic, summative); Relations between objectives and outcomes; Assessment of Cognitive (Anderson and Krathwohl), Affective (Krathwohl) and psychomotor domains (R.H. Dave) of learning. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 28. Assessment in Pedagogy of Education including Feedback Devices: Meaning, Types, Criteria, Guidance as a Feedback Devices, Assessment of Portfolios, Reflective Journal, Field Engagement using Rubrics, Competency Based Evaluation, Assessment of Teacher Prepared ICT Resources; AND Assessment in Andragogy of Education including Interaction Analysis: Flanders’ Interaction analysis, Galloway’s system of interaction analysis (Recording of Classroom Events, Construction and Interpretation of Interaction Matrix), Criteria for teacher evaluation (Product, Process and Presage criteria), Rubrics for Self and Peer evaluation (Meaning, steps of construction). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 29. Concept of Educational Technology (ET) as a Discipline: (Information Technology, Communication Technology & Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Instructional Technology); Applications of Educational Technology in formal, non formal (Open and Distance Learning), informal and inclusive education systems; Overview of Behaviourist, Cognitive and Constructivist Theories and their implications to Instructional Design (Skinner, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Vygotsky); Relationship between Learning Theories and Instructional Strategies (for large and small groups, formal and non formal groups ). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 30. Systems Approach to Instructional Design; Models of Development of Instructional Design (ADDIE, ASSURE, Dick and Carey Model Mason’s); Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction and Five E’s of Constructivism; Nine Elements of Constructivist Instructional Design; Application of Computers in Education: CAI, CAL, CBT, CML; Concept, Process of preparing ODLM; Concept of e learning, Approaches to e learning (Offline, Online, Synchronous, Asynchronous, Blended learning, mobile learning). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 31. Emerging Trends in e learning: Social learning (concept , use of web 2.0 tools for learning, social networking sites, blogs, chats, video conferencing, discussion forum); Open Education Resources (Creative Common, Massive Open Online Courses; Concept and application); E Inclusion - Concept of E Inclusion, Application of Assistive technology in E learning; Quality of E Learning – Measuring quality of system: Information, System, Service, User Satisfaction and Net Benefits (D&M IS Success Model, 2003); Ethical Issues for E Learner and E Teacher - Teaching, Learning and Research. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 32. Use of ICT in Evaluation, Administration and Research: E portfolios, ICT for Research - Online Repositories and Online Libraries, Online and Offline assessment tools (Online survey tools or test generators) – Concept and Development. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 33. Educational Management and Administration – Meaning, Principles, Functions and importance; Institutional building; POSDCORB, CPM, PERT, Management as a system, SWOT analysis; Taylorism; Administration as a process, Administration as a bureaucracy; Human relations approach to Administration; Organisational compliance, Organinsational development, Organisational climate. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 34. Leadership in Educational Administration: Meaning and Nature; Approaches to leadership: Trait, Transformational, Transactional, Value based, Cultural, Psychodynamic and Charismatic; Models of Leadership (Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid, Fiedler’s Contingency Model, Tri-dimensional Model, Hersey and Blanchard’s Model, Leader-Member Exchange Theory). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 35. Concept of Quality and Quality in Education: Indian and International perspective; Evolution of Quality: Inspection, Quality Control, Quality Assurance, Total Quality Management (TQM), Six sigma; Quality Gurus: Walter Shewart, Edward Deming, C.K Pralhad. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 36. Change Management: Meaning, Need for Planned change, Three- Step-Model of Change (Unfreezing, Moving, Refreezing); The Japanese Models of Change: Just-in-Time, Poka yoke; Cost of Quality: Appraisal Costs, Failure costs and Preventable costs, Cost Benefit Analysis, Cost Effective Analysis; Indian and International Quality Assurance Agencies: Objectives, Functions, Roles and Initiatives (National Assessment Accreditation Council [NAAC], Performance Indicators, Quality Council of India [QCI] , International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education [INQAAHE]). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 37. Inclusive Education: Concept, Principles, Scope and Target Groups (Diverse learners; Including Marginalized group and Learners with Disabilities); Evolution of the Philosophy of Inclusive Education: Special, Integrated, Inclusive Education; Legal Provisions: Policies and Legislations (National Policy of Education (1986), Programme of Action of Action (1992), Persons with Disabilities Act (1995), National Policy of Disabilities (2006), National Curriculum Framework (2005), Concession and Facilities to Diverse Learners (Academic and Financial), Rehabilitation Council of India Act (1992), Inclusive Education under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Features of UNCRPD (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) and its Implication. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 38. Concept of Impairment, Disability and Handicap; Classification of Disabilities based on ICF Model; Readiness of School and Models of Inclusion; Prevalence, Types, Characteristics and Educational Needs of Diverse learners’ Intellectual, Physical and Multiple Disabilities; Causes and prevention of disabilities; Identification of Diverse Learners for Inclusion; Educational Evaluation Methods, Techniques and Tools. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 39. Planning and Management of Inclusive Classrooms: Infrastructure, Human Resource and Instructional Practices; Curriculum and Curricular Adaptations for Diverse Learners; Assistive and Adaptive Technology for Diverse learners: Product (Aids and Appliances) and Process (Individualized Education Plan, Remedial Teaching); Parent- Professional Partnership: Role of Parents, Peers, Professionals, Teachers, School. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education) Chpater 40. Barriers and Facilitators in Inclusive Education: Attitude, Social and Educational; Current Status and Ethical Issues of inclusive education in India; Research Trends of Inclusive Education in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Education)
Commerce Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Commerce Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Chpater 1. Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic (systems, policies - Monetary/fiscal), Political (role of government), Legal (Consumer Protection Act, FEMA), Socio-cultural factors, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 2. International business: Scope, importance, Globalization (drivers), Modes of entry; Theories of international trade, Government intervention, Tariff/non-tariff barriers, India’s foreign trade policy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 3. Foreign direct investment (FDI) & Foreign portfolio investment (FPI): Types, Costs/benefits (home/host countries), Trends, India’s FDI policy; Balance of payments (BOP): Importance, components. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 4. Regional Economic Integration (Levels, Trade creation/diversion effects, Agreements: EU, ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA); International Economic institutions (IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD); WTO (Functions, objectives, Agriculture Agreement, GATS, TRIPS, TRIMS). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 5. Basic accounting principles, concepts, postulates; Partnership Accounts (Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution, Insolvency). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 6. Corporate Accounting (Issue, forfeiture, reissue of shares; Liquidation; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation, reconstruction); Holding company accounts. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 7. Cost & Management Accounting: Marginal costing & Break-even; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Decision-making costing; Life cycle, Target, Kaizen costing, JIT. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 8. Financial Statements Analysis (Ratio, Funds flow, Cash flow); Human Resources, Inflation, Environmental Accounting; Indian Accounting Standards & IFRS; Auditing (Independent financial audit, Vouching, Verification/valuation, Audit report, Cost audit); Recent Auditing Trends (Management, Energy, Environment, Systems, Safety). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 9. Business economics: Meaning, scope; Objectives of business firms; Demand analysis (Law, Elasticity & measurement, AR/MR relationship). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 10. Consumer behavior (Utility analysis, Indifference curve analysis); Law of Variable Proportions; Law of Returns to Scale. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 11. Theory of cost (Short-run & long-run cost curves); Price determination: Perfect competition, Monopolistic competition. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 12. Price determination: Oligopoly (Price leadership), Monopoly, Price discrimination; Pricing strategies (Skimming, Penetration, Peak load). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 13. Finance: Scope, sources; Lease financing; Cost of capital; Time value of money; Capital structure. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 14. Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional & scientific techniques of analysis; Working capital management. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 15. Dividend decision: Theories, policies; Risk & return analysis; Asset securitization. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 16. International monetary system; Foreign exchange market, Exchange rate risk & hedging; International financial markets/instruments (Euro currency, GDRs, ADRs); International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 17. Measures: Central tendency, Dispersion, Skewness; Correlation & regression (two variables). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 18. Probability (Approaches, Bayes’ theorem); Probability distributions (Binomial, Poisson, Normal). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 19. Research: Concept, types, designs; Data: Collection, classification; Sampling & estimation (Concepts, Methods - probability/non-probability, Sampling distribution, Central limit theorem, Standard error, Statistical estimation). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 20. Hypothesis testing (z-test, t-test, ANOVA, Chi–square, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test, Rank correlation); Report writing. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 21. Management: Principles, functions; Organization structure (Formal/informal, Span of control); Responsibility & authority (Delegation, decentralization). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 22. Motivation & leadership (Concept, theories); Corporate governance & business ethics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 23. HRM: Concept, role, functions; HR planning; Recruitment & selection; Training & development; Succession planning; Compensation management (Job evaluation, Incentives, fringe benefits). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 24. Performance appraisal (incl. 360 degree); Collective bargaining & workers’ participation; Personality, Perception, Attitudes, Emotions; Group dynamics, Power & politics; Conflict & negotiation; Stress management; Organizational Culture, Development & Change. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 25. Indian financial system overview; Types of banks (Commercial, RRBs, Foreign, Cooperative); RBI (Functions, Role, monetary policy management). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 26. Banking sector reforms in India (Basel norms, Risk management, NPA management); Financial markets (Money, Capital, Government securities). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 27. Financial Institutions (DFIs, NBFCs, Mutual Funds, Pension Funds); Financial Regulators in India; Financial sector reforms (incl. financial inclusion). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 28. Digitisation of banking & financial services (Internet/mobile banking, Digital payments); Insurance (Types: Life/Non-life, Risk classification/management, Insurability limits, Re-insurance, IRDA & role). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 29. Marketing: Concept, approaches, channels, mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting, positioning. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 30. Product decisions (Concept, line, mix, life cycle, new product development); Pricing decisions (Factors, policies, strategies). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 31. Promotion decisions (Role, methods: Advertising, Personal selling, Publicity, Sales promotion tools/techniques, Promotion mix); Distribution decisions (Channels, management). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 32. Consumer Behaviour (Process, influencing factors); Service marketing; Trends (Social, Online, Green, Direct, Rural marketing, CRM); Logistics management. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 33. Indian Contract Act, 1872 (Valid contract elements, Capacity, Free consent, Discharge, Breach & remedies, Quasi contracts); Special contracts (Indemnity/guarantee, Bailment/pledge, Agency). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 34. Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (Sale/agreement to sell, Caveat Emptor, Rights of unpaid seller/buyer); Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (Types, Negotiation/assignment, Dishonour/discharge). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 35. Companies Act, 2013 (Nature/kinds of companies, Formation, Management, meetings, winding up); Limited Liability Partnership (Structure, formation procedure). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 36. Competition Act, 2002 (Objectives, provisions); IT Act, 2000 (Objectives, provisions, Cyber crimes/penalties); RTI Act, 2005 (Objectives, provisions); IPRs (Patents, trademarks, copyrights, Emerging issues); GST (Objectives, provisions, Benefits, Implementation, Dual GST). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 37. Income-tax: Basic concepts, Residential status & tax incidence, Exempted incomes, Agricultural income. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 38. Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 39. International Taxation: Double taxation & its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce) Chpater 40. Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts, significance; Tax avoidance vs. tax evasion; Techniques; Tax considerations in specific business situations (Make/buy, Own/lease, Retain/Renew/Replace asset, Shut down/continue); Deduction/collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Commerce)