Revisiting The Thymus The Origin Of T Cells
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Revisiting The Thymus The Origin Of T Cells
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Author : Yayi Gao
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-05-04
Revisiting The Thymus The Origin Of T Cells written by Yayi Gao and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-04 with Medical categories.
Cd4 Cd25 Regulatory T Cells Origin Function And Therapeutic Potential
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Author : B. Kyewski
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-01-09
Cd4 Cd25 Regulatory T Cells Origin Function And Therapeutic Potential written by B. Kyewski and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-09 with Medical categories.
The vertebrate immune system defends the organism against invading pathogens while at the same time being self-tolerant to the body’s own constituents thus preserving its integrity. Multiple mechanisms work in concert to ensure self-tolerance. Apart from purging the T cell repertoire from auto-reactive T cells via negative selection in the thymus dominant tolerance exerted by regulatory T cells plays a major role in tolerance imposition and maintenance. Among the various regulatory/suppressive cells hitherto described, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and interleukin-10 producing T regulatory 1 (Tr1) cells have been studied in most detail and are the subject of most articles in this issue. Treg, also called "natural" regulatory T cells, will be traced from their intra-thymic origin to the site of their action in peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues. The repertoire of Treg is clearly biased towards recognition of self-antigens, thereby potentially preventing autoimmune diseases such as gastritis and oophoritis. Regulatory T cells, however also control infections, allergies and tolerance to transplanted tissues and this requires their induction in the periphery under conditions which are not yet fully understood. The concept of dominant tolerance, by far not novel, will offer new insights and hopefully tools for the successful treatment of autoimmune diseases, improved cancer immunotherapy and transplant survival. The fulfillment of these high expectations will, however, require their unambiguous identification and a better understanding of their mode of action.
A Living History Of Immunology
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Author : Kendall Arthur Smith
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-11-04
A Living History Of Immunology written by Kendall Arthur Smith and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-04 with Electronic book categories.
In the highly competitive world of biomedical science, often the rush to publish and to be recognized as "first" with a new discovery, concept or method, is lost in the hurly-burly of the moment, as "the maddening crowd" moves on to the next "new thing". One of the great things about immunology today is that it has only become mature as a science within the last half-century, and especially within the past 35 years as a consequence of the revolution of molecular immunology, which has taken place only since 1980. Consequently, most of those who have contributed to our new understanding of how the immune system functions are still alive and well, and still contributing. Thus, "A Living History of Immunology" collates many stories from the investigators who actually performed the experiments that have established the frontiers of immunology. Accordingly, this volume combats "revisionist science", by those who want to alter history by telling the stories a different way than actually happened. In this regard, one of the good things about science vs. other disciplines is that we have the written record of what was done, when it was done and by whom. Even so, we do not have the complete story or narrative of how and why experiments were done, and what made the differences that led to success. This volume captures and chronicles some of these stories from the past fifty years in immunology.
The Song Of The Cell
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Author : Siddhartha Mukherjee
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2022-11-03
The Song Of The Cell written by Siddhartha Mukherjee and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-03 with Science categories.
**A NEW YORK TIMES, DAILY TELEGRAPH, ECONOMIST, MAIL ON SUNDAY and GUARDIAN BOOK OF THE YEAR** From the dawn of life itself, every being that has ever lived owes its existence to the cell. 'Will leave you in awe' Guardian The discovery of this vital form led to a transformation in medicine but also in our understanding of ourselves - not as bodies or machines but as ecosystems. It has also given us the power to treat a vast array of mortal maladies...and even to create new kinds of human altogether. Rich with stories of scientists, doctors and the patients whose lives may be saved by their work, The Song of the Cell is a stunning ode to the building blocks of life and the cutting-edge science harnessing their power for the better. 'Profound...As big a topic as life itself' The Times 'Medical magic' Daily Telegraph 'Vast...important...optimistic' Mail on Sunday
Fetal Embryonic Hematopoietic Progenitors And Their Impact On Adult Diseases
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Author : Silvia Brunelli
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-10-01
Fetal Embryonic Hematopoietic Progenitors And Their Impact On Adult Diseases written by Silvia Brunelli and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-01 with Science categories.
Revisiting Behavioral Variability What It Reveals About Neural Circuit Structure And Function
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Author : Kenta Asahina
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-08-23
Revisiting Behavioral Variability What It Reveals About Neural Circuit Structure And Function written by Kenta Asahina and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-23 with Science categories.
Regulatory T Cells In Inflammation
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Author : Leonie S. Taams
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-03-30
Regulatory T Cells In Inflammation written by Leonie S. Taams and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-30 with Medical categories.
Regulatory T-cells are essential components of the immune system, and several different subsets of regulatory T-cells have been described. Considerable regulatory function has been attributed to the CD4+CD25+ T-cell subset. These cells act by suppressing adaptive and possibly innate immune responses thereby maintaining or restoring the balance between immunity and tolerance. The suppressive effects of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells are cell-contact dependent. Recent developments and viewpoints in the field of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells as well as the potential use of regulatory T-cells in immunotherapy of inflammatory diseases are discussed in this volume. By linking data from experimental models with recent findings from the clinic, this book will be of interest to immunologists and other biomedical researchers as well as clinicians interested in the regulation and manipulation of the immune response during inflammatory disease.
Stem Cells In Regenerative Medicine
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Author : Alain A. Vertes
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-09-14
Stem Cells In Regenerative Medicine written by Alain A. Vertes and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-14 with Science categories.
This book is a unique guide to emerging stem cell technologies and the opportunities for their commercialisation. It provides in-depth analyses of the science, business, legal, and financing fundamentals of stem cell technologies, offering a holistic assessment of this emerging and dynamic segment of the field of regenerative medicine. • Reviews the very latest advances in the technology and business of stem cells used for therapy, research, and diagnostics • Identifies key challenges to the commercialisation of stem cell technology and avenues to overcome problems in the pipeline • Written by an expert team with extensive experience in the business, basic and applied science of stem cell research This comprehensive volume is essential reading for researchers in cell biology, biotechnology, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering, including scientists and professionals, looking to enter commercial biotechnology fields.
Stiehm S Immune Deficiencies
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Author : Kathleen E. Sullivan
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-05-23
Stiehm S Immune Deficiencies written by Kathleen E. Sullivan and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-23 with Medical categories.
Stiehm’s Immune Deficiencies: Inborn Errors in Immunity, Second Edition, is ideal for physicians and other caregivers who specialize in immunology, allergies, infectious diseases and pulmonary medicine. It provides a validated source of information for care delivery to patients, covering approaches to diagnosis that use both new genetic information and emphasize screening strategies. Management has changed dramatically over the past five years, so approaches to infection and autoimmunity are emphasized in an effort to improve outcomes and disseminate new information on the uses of targeted therapy. Covers immune deficiencies that are presented in a practical way, providing helpful information for active clinicians Fills an increasingly deep gap in the information available to clinicians Presents both clinical management and scientific advances for immune deficiencies Provides a primary resource for physicians in the field of immunodeficiencies Includes website access to a range of videos relevant to the topics discussed
The Nature Of Activatory And Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell Derived Signal 2
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Author : Francesca Granucci
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-07-08
The Nature Of Activatory And Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell Derived Signal 2 written by Francesca Granucci and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-08 with categories.
One of the most interesting issues in immunology is how the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system cooperate in vertebrate organisms to respond and destroy invading microorganisms without destroying self-tissues. More than 20 years ago, Charles Janeway proposed the innate immune recognition theory [1]. He hypothesized the existence of innate receptors (Pattern recognition receptors, PRRs) that, by recognizing molecular structures associated to pathogens (PAMPs) and being expressed by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and epithelial cells, could alert the immune system to the presence of a pathogen, making it possible to mount an immediate inflammatory response. Moreover, by transducing the alert signal in professional APCs and inducing the expression of costimulatory molecules, these receptors could control the activation of lymphocytes bearing clonal antigen-specific receptors, thereby promoting appropriate adaptive immune responses. Since adaptive immunity can be activated also following sterile inflammatory conditions, it was subsequently proposed by Polly Matzinger that the innate immune system could be also activated by endogenous danger signals, generically called danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)[2]. The first prediction has been amply confirmed by the discovery of Toll-like receptors [3; 4; 5] and cytoplasmic PRRs such as RIG-like receptors [6]. Other PRR families such as the NOD-like receptors and C-type lectins exert immunogenic or tolerogenic signals [7; 8; 9] and may recognize not strictly pathogens but also endogenous danger signals that may lead to inflammasome activation [10; 11] . Dendritic cells (DCs) have been identified as the cells of the innate immune system that, by sensing PAMPs or DAMPs transduce signals to the nucleus. This leads to a transcriptional reprogramming of DCs with the consequent expression of three signals, namely signal 1 (MHC+peptide), signal 2 (surface costimulatory molecules) and signal 3 (cytokines) necessary for the priming of antigen-specific naïve T cell responses (signal 1 and 2) and T cell polarization (signal 3). The reason why DCs are superior with respect to other professional APCs in naïve T cell activation has not been unequivocally defined but in vivo may mainly result from their migration capacity to secondary lymphoid organs. It has not been established whether DCs can provide a special “signal 2” or simply very high levels, compared with other APCs, of commonly expressed signals 1 and 2, so that a naïve T cell could reach the threshold of activation. A second aspect of DC biology needs also to be taken into account. Concerning the question of how self-tissues are not destroyed following the initiation of adaptive immune responses, different mechanisms of central and peripheral auto-reactive T cell tolerization have been proposed [12]. In particular, it has been defined that high affinity T cells are deleted in the thymus, while low affinity auto-reactive T cells or T cells specific for tissue-sequestered antigens that do not have access to the thymus are controlled in the periphery. In a simplified vision of how peripheral T cell tolerance could be induced and maintained, it was thought that, in resting conditions, immature DCs, expressing low levels of signal 1 and low or no levels of signal 2, were able to induce T cell unresponsiveness. Nevertheless, it is now clear that a fundamental contribution to the peripheral tolerance is due to the conversion of naïve T cells into peripheral regulatory T cells (pTreg cells) and it is also clear that DCs need to receive a specific conditioning to become able to induce pTreg cell differentiation. Even more intriguing is that also DCs activated through PRRs, with particular Toll like receptor (TLR) agonists, are capable of generating pTreg cell conversion if these agonists induce the production of the appropriate cytokines.