The Claustrum
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The Claustrum
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Author : John R. Smythies
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-11-11
The Claustrum written by John R. Smythies and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Medical categories.
The present day is witnessing an explosion of our understanding of how the brain works at all levels, in which complexity is piled on complexity, and mechanisms of astonishing elegance are being continually discovered. This process is most developed in the major areas of the brain, such as the cortex, thalamus, and striatum. The Claustrum instead focuses on a small, remote, and, until recently, relatively unknown area of the brain. In recent years, researchers have come to believe that the claustrum is concerned with consciousness, a bold hypothesis supported by the claustrum's two-way connections with nearly every other region of the brain and its seeming involvement with multisensory integrations—the hallmark of consciousness. The claustrum, previously in a humble position at the back of the stage, might in fact be the conductor of the brain's orchestra. The Claustrum brings together leading experts on the claustrum from the varied disciplines of neuroscience, providing a state-of-the-art presentation of what is currently known about the claustrum, promising lines of current research (including epigenetics), and projections of new lines of investigation on the horizon. - Develops a unifying hypothesis about the claustrum's role in consciousness, as well as the integration of sensory information and other higher brain functions - Discusses the involvement of the claustrum with autism, schizophrenia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease - Coverage of all aspects of the claustrum, from its evolution and development to promising new lines of research, including epigenetics, provides a platform and point of reference for future investigative efforts
The Claustrum Charting A Way Forward For The Brain S Most Mysterious Nucleus
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Author : Ariel Y. Deutch
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-09-09
The Claustrum Charting A Way Forward For The Brain S Most Mysterious Nucleus written by Ariel Y. Deutch and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-09 with Brain categories.
The claustrum is a long, band-like grey matter structure situated in the ventrolateral telencephalon of most, if not all, mammalian brains. Due to its shape and close proximity to white matter structures and insular cortex, the anatomy and behavioral relevance of the claustrum have proven difficult to study. As a result, disagreements in the literature exist over ontogeny, phylogeny, anatomical boundaries, and connectivity. Despite this, it is generally regarded that the claustrum contains excitatory projection neurons that reciprocally connect to most regions of the cerebral cortex, a feature that has fostered varying hypotheses as to its function. These hypotheses propose multisensory integration, coordination of cortical activity for the generation of conscious percepts, or saliency filtration. The articles of this e-book consider the historical and recent highlights in claustrum structure, hodology, and function and seek to provide a compelling way forward for this “hidden” nucleus.
From Anatomy To Function Of The Central Nervous System
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Author : Brandon Matteo Ascenzi
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-08-25
From Anatomy To Function Of The Central Nervous System written by Brandon Matteo Ascenzi and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-25 with Medical categories.
From Anatomy to Function of the Central Nervous System: Clinical and Neurosurgical Applications features neuroradiologic images that represent today, one of the most effective resources able to detect the anatomy of the nerve structures. Simultaneously featuring neuroimages, readers can study the functional aspects of the entire central nervous system with detailed captions that describe in detail how to use and interpret them. This book includes images of the brain dissected with the Klingler's method and white matter fiber dissection. By integrating the anatomo-functional description with the synaptic organization of the CNS, this reference is useful for anyone who wants to understand how the activity of a nerve structure arises, describing its microstructure, neurotransmitter phenotype, and neural activity. It also features descriptions of pathologic conditions which result from neuroanatomical and/or neurofunctional alterations and includes neurosurgical aspects. - Integrates anatomo-functional descriptions with the synaptic and neurochemical organization of the CNS - Allows readers to better understand the morphology and topography of encephalic structures - Features neuroradiological images and human brain dissections using the Klingler's method - Chapters have references (key article, book, and protocols) for additional detailed studies
Producing And Analyzing Macro Connectomes Current State And Challenges
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Author : Mihail Bota
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-10-20
Producing And Analyzing Macro Connectomes Current State And Challenges written by Mihail Bota and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-20 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Construction of comprehensive and detailed brain regions neuroanatomical connections matrices (macro-connectomes) is necessary to understand how the nervous system is organized and to elucidate how its different parts interact. Macro-connectomes also are the structural foundation of any finer granularity approaches at the neuron classes and types (meso-connectomes) or individual neuron (micro-connectomes) levels. The advent of novel neuroanatomical methods, as well as combinations of classic techniques, form the basis of several large scale projects with the ultimate goal of producing publicly available connectomes at different levels. A parallel approach, that of systematic and comprehensive collation of connectivity data from the published literature and from publicly accessible neuroinformatics platforms, has produced macro-connectomes of different parts of the central nervous system (CNS) in several mammalian species. The emergence of these public platforms that allow for the manipulation of rich connectivity data sets and enable the construction of CNS macro-connectomes in different species may have significant and long lasting implications. Moreover, when these efforts are leveraged by novel statistical methods, they may influence our way of thinking about the brain. Hence, the present brain region-centric paradigm may be challenged by a network-centric one. Ultimately, these projects will provide the information and knowledge for understanding how different neuronal parts communicate and function, developing novel approaches to diseases and disorders, and facilitating translational efforts in neurosciences. With this Research Topic we bring together the current state of macro-connectome related projects including the large scale production of thousands of publicly available neuronatomical experiments, databases with tens of thousands of connectivity records collated from the published literature, and the newest methods for displaying and analyzing this information. This topic also includes a wide range of challenges and how they are addressed - from platforms designed to integrate connectivity data across different sources, species and CNS levels of organization, to languages specifically designed to use these data in models at different scales of resolution, to efforts of 3D reconstruction and data integration, and to approaches for extraction and representation of this knowledge. Finally, we address the present state of different efforts of meso-connectomes construction, and of computational modeling in the context of the information provided by macro-connectomes.
In The Footsteps Of The Prosomeric Model
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Author : Matías Hidalgo-Sánchez
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-10-17
In The Footsteps Of The Prosomeric Model written by Matías Hidalgo-Sánchez and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-17 with Science categories.
The Human Central Nervous System
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Author : Rudolf Nieuwenhuys
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-12-31
The Human Central Nervous System written by Rudolf Nieuwenhuys and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-31 with Science categories.
The present edition of The Human Central Nervous System differs considerably from its predecessors. In previous editions, the text was essentially confined to a section dealing with the various functional systems of the brain. This section, which has been rewritten and updated, is now preceded by 15 newly written chapters, which introduce the pictorial material of the gross anatomy, the blood vessels and meninges and the microstructure of its various parts and deal with the development, topography and functional anatomy of the spinal cord, the brain stem and the cerebellum, the diencephalon and the telencephalon. Great pains have been taken to cover the most recent concepts and data. As suggested by the front cover, there is a focus on the evolutionary development of the human brain. Throughout the text numerous correlations with neuropathology and clinical n- rology have been made. After much thought, we decided to replace the full Latin terminology, cherished in all previous editions, with English and Anglicized Latin terms. It has been an emotional farewell from beautiful terms such as decussatio hipposideriformis W- nekinkii and pontes grisei caudatolenticulares. Not only the text, but also the p- torial material has been extended and brought into harmony with the present state of knowledge. More than 230 new illustrations have been added and many others have been revised. The number of macroscopical sections through the brain has been extended considerably. Together, these illustrations now comprise a complete and convenient atlas for interpreting neuroimaging studies.
Neurobiology Of Monotremes
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Author : Ken Ashwell
language : en
Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING
Release Date : 2013-12-01
Neurobiology Of Monotremes written by Ken Ashwell and has been published by CSIRO PUBLISHING this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-01 with Science categories.
Neurobiology of Monotremes brings together current information on the development, structure, function and behavioural ecology of the monotremes. The monotremes are an unusual and evolutionarily important group of mammals showing striking behavioural and physiological adaptations to their niches. They are the only mammals exhibiting electroreception (in the trigeminal sensory pathways) and the echidna shows distinctive olfactory specialisations. The authors aim to close the current gap in knowledge between the genes and developmental biology of monotremes on the one hand, and the adult structure, function and ecology of monotremes on the other. They explore how the sequence 'embryonic structure › adult structure › behaviour' is achieved in monotremes and how this differs from other mammals. The work also combines a detailed review of the neurobiology of monotremes with photographic and diagrammatic atlases of the sectioned adult brains and peripheral nervous system of the short-beaked echidna and platypus. Pairing of a detailed review of the field with the first published brain atlases of two of the three living monotremes will allow the reader to immediately relate key points in the text to features in the atlases and will extend a universal system of brain nomenclature developed in eutherian brain atlases by G Paxinos and colleagues to monotremes.
Wiring Principles Of Cerebral Cortex
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Author : Julian Budd
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-11-17
Wiring Principles Of Cerebral Cortex written by Julian Budd and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-17 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Cerebral cortex is probably the most complex biological network. Here many millions of individual neurons, the functional units of cortex, are interconnected through a massive yet highly organized pattern of axonal and dendritic wiring. This wiring enables both near and distant cells to coordinate their responses and generate a rich variety of cognitions and behaviours. When the wiring is damaged through disease or trauma it may reorganize but this may lead to characteristic pathological behaviours. While there have been significant advances in mapping cortical connectivity, the organizing principles and function of this connectivity are not well understood. On the one hand, there appears to be general design constraints governing cortical wiring, as first recognised by Rámon y Cajal's in his laws of conduction, material, and volume conservation. Yet on the other hand, particular patterns of cortical wiring exist to serve specific functions. There is a wide gap in understanding how the response and connectivity properties of a single neuron contribute to emergent network functions such as in detecting perceptually relevant features. Unravelling this intimate causal relationship represents one of the major challenges in neuroscience. This Research Topic will examine progress in understanding cortical wiring principles. This Research Topic aims to draw together recent advances in methods and understanding as well as recent challenges to existing ideas about how cerebral cortex is wired. This is particularly timely because new automated techniques may soon yield huge datasets in need of explanation. Recent studies have, for instance, empirically evaluated Rámon y Cajal's conservation laws for cerebral cortex, while others have shown some unexpected connectivity features that may refine the traditional view of how corticocortical connections are organised with regard to functional representations of auditory, somatosensory and visual cortices. Understanding these data will help improve the fidelity of neural models of cerebral cortical function and take into account the diversity of connections at both micro- and mesoscopic scales not seen at such a depth before.
Insights In Systems Biology Research
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Author : Gary An
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2025-06-10
Insights In Systems Biology Research written by Gary An and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-06-10 with Science categories.
Summary of Topic: This collection represents an interdisciplinary exploration of systems biology and systems medicine, integrating advanced methodologies from computational modeling, deep neural networks, and multiomics to improve understanding and treatment of human diseases and biological mechanisms. Emphasis is placed on cutting-edge technologies, including deep learning for statistical inference from gene expression data and noncoding genetic variants, quantitative systems pharmacology for virtual patient generation, and semi-mechanistic modeling applied to novel therapies such as CAR T-cell interventions. The articles further highlight disease modeling across various scales, exemplified through multi-scale simulation frameworks applied to complex conditions such as COVID-19 long-term sequelae, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, and tuberculosis. Additionally, the importance of modularity in biological networks, developments in functional annotation of microbial transporters, and new approaches towards bioengineered bacterial consortia through molecular communication are discussed. This collection informs us of the ongoing efforts to harness computational power and biological insights to advance personalized medicine, improve therapeutic strategies, and deepen our understanding of complex biological phenomena. ----- Systems Biology has undergone significant transformations due to the pioneering efforts of researchers worldwide. The discipline now spans several subfields, such as Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomics, Medicine, among others, each advancing the field in unique ways through innovative technologies and insightful discoveries. This evolution is celebrated in a curated collection by Frontiers in Systems Biology, which aims to highlight the state-of-the-art developments and set the stage for future inquiries and applications in the field. This collection actively showcases the overlap of technology with theoretical advancements, creating a broad framework from which new methodologies and strategies are born. This Research Topic aims to provide an overview of the most recent progress in Systems Biology. It seeks to outline the impacts that the integration of disparate biological research areas can have in solving complex biological problems and advancing human health. Without losing sight of the past achievements, the goal is to explore the potential of future advancements, addressing the challenges that remain at the forefront of this vibrant field. The scope of this Research Topic is broadly defined yet focused on areas where significant innovative strides have been made. We welcome contributions that emphasize: - Integrative approaches in Systems Neuroscience - Contemporary breakthroughs in Genetics and Genomics - The use of Multiscale Mechanistic Modelling to represent biological interfaces - Bridging gaps between experimental and computational biology in Translational Systems Biology - Enhancing methodologies in Data and Model Integration This collection welcomes contributions from Editorial Board Members or those referred by a board member, reflecting on current developments and plotting pathways for upcoming research endeavors. Authors are encouraged to engage critically with their fields, identifying current challenges and proposing novel solutions to advance the understanding of complex systems within biology.
Plasticity And Reconstruction Of Neural Network In Brain Injury
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Author : Zhang Pengyue
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-08-24
Plasticity And Reconstruction Of Neural Network In Brain Injury written by Zhang Pengyue and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-24 with Science categories.